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Nuevo hallazgo: El gran volcán de Yellowstone se está desplazando hacia el noreste – Nuestroclima
Un equipo de geólogos del Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos (USGS), en colaboración con investigadores de la Universidad Estatal de Oregón y la Universidad de Wisconsin-Madison, ha descubierto nueva evidencia de vulcanismo riolítico en la caldera de Yellowstone, una de las zonas volcánicas más vigiladas del mundo. Este estudio, publicado en la revista Nature , detalla cómo el equipo utilizó un innovador método geofísico electromagnético para estudiar el material subterráneo en la región.
Explorando las profundidades de la caldera de Yellowstone Yellowstone es conocido por ser un supervolcán de gran tamaño, ubicado en el Parque Nacional de Yellowstone, en el oeste de los Estados Unidos. A lo largo de su historia, ha sufrido tres grandes erupciones que formaron la caldera, siendo la última hace unos 70.000 años, cuando ocurrió un importante flujo de lava. Si bien no se sabe con certeza cuándo ocurrirá una próxima erupción, las investigaciones sobre su comportamiento continúan siendo una prioridad para los científicos.
El nuevo estudio forma parte de un esfuerzo más amplio para entender mejor las erupciones volcánicas y predecir cuándo podrían suceder. A lo largo de los años, los esfuerzos previos para obtener información precisa sobre el material debajo de la caldera han sido complicados debido a las difíciles condiciones geológicas. Para superar estos desafíos, el equipo de investigación empleó un enfoque innovador, utilizando estudios magnetotelúricos, que permiten medir las propiedades electromagnéticas del subsuelo y deducir su estructura de conductividad.
Nuevas revelaciones sobre el magma debajo de Yellowstone El estudio reveló la existencia de al menos siete grandes zonas de magma en la corteza terrestre debajo de la caldera de Yellowstone, algunas de las cuales alimentan a otras, y se encuentran a profundidades que varían entre 4 y 47 kilómetros. Los investigadores identificaron que los depósitos de magma más interesantes se encuentran en la parte noreste de la caldera, lo que podría indicar que estas áreas son las más propensas a una futura actividad volcánica.
Los resultados también revelaron que el magma en la región está compuesto por una mezcla de magma basáltico en las capas inferiores y magma riolítico en las capas superiores. Esta mezcla sugiere una complejidad geológica significativa, ya que el magma riolítico es conocido por ser más viscoso y puede contribuir a erupciones explosivas.
Un gran volcán en constante actividad Los geólogos también pudieron estimar la cantidad total de material fundido presente bajo la caldera, que varía entre 388 y 489 kilómetros cúbicos, una cifra mucho mayor que en las áreas al sur, oeste y norte, que fueron las que registraron erupciones en el pasado. Este descubrimiento subraya la magnitud de la actividad volcánica potencial en la región y la importancia de continuar con los estudios geofísicos para predecir futuros eventos.
Este avance en la comprensión de la estructura subterránea de Yellowstone podría tener implicaciones importantes para la predicción de erupciones y el monitoreo de otros supervolcanes alrededor del mundo.
Referencia de la noticia: N. Bennington et al, The progression of basaltic–rhyolitic melt storage at Yellowstone Caldera, Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08286-z
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