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Alerta climática: El calentamiento de los océanos se duplica desde 2005 – Nuestroclima
Desde 2005, la velocidad de calentamiento de los océanos ha casi duplicado su ritmo, y en 2023, un 22% de la superficie oceánica global experimentó al menos una ola de calor marina severa o extrema, según el último informe de Copernicus de la Unión Europea.
Este estudio pone de manifiesto un océano en transformación, caracterizado por temperaturas récord, disminución del hielo marino polar y olas de calor marinas, incluyendo aquellas en el mar Mediterráneo, que alcanzaron profundidades de hasta 1500 metros.
Regiones como el Mar Báltico y el área Ibérica-Vizcaya-Irlanda también vivieron olas de calor marinas significativas.
Hielo Marino En 2023, el hielo marino en la Antártida alcanzó los niveles más bajos desde que se comenzaron a realizar registros satelitales. La extensión máxima fue de 16,8 millones de km², lo que representa una disminución de 1,9 millones de km² en comparación con el promedio entre 1993 y 2010, es decir, tres veces más que el área de Francia. Esta tendencia se refleja también en el Ártico, que ha sufrido una pérdida de hielo marino sin precedentes de cerca de 2,2 millones de km² desde 1979, en gran medida debido al aumento de la temperatura del agua, que ha crecido más de 4°C desde la década de 1980.
Temperaturas superficiales en ascenso Las temperaturas de la superficie oceánica siguen alcanzando cifras récord, tanto a nivel global como regional. Por ejemplo, en agosto de 2022, las aguas costeras alrededor de las Islas Baleares llegaron a los 29,2°C, marcando la temperatura más alta registrada en 40 años. Además, muchos mares europeos están experimentando olas de calor marinas cada vez más intensas y prolongadas. En 2022, casi dos tercios del Mar Báltico sufrieron olas de calor marinas, y las temperaturas en el Golfo de Botnia superaron en 9,6 °C la media. En la región Ibérica-Vizcaya-Irlanda, las olas de calor marinas duraron un promedio de 145 días, alcanzando temperaturas 6°C por encima de la media.
Fenómenos meteorológicos extremos El exceso de calor no se limita a la superficie del océano. Las olas de calor en el mar Mediterráneo en 2022 se extendieron hasta 1500 metros bajo la superficie, contribuyendo al calentamiento global del océano. Este aumento de temperatura también está ligado a fenómenos meteorológicos más extremos. Por ejemplo, en abril de 2022, una tormenta inusitada azotó la ciudad portuaria española de Melilla, donde vientos fuertes generaron olas que superaron los 7 metros de altura, y algunas olas duraron más de nueve segundos. A nivel mundial, el 5% de las olas más altas han aumentado su altura en los últimos años, reflejando una tendencia hacia océanos más dinámicos.
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