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De esta manera ven las abejas a las flores – Nuestroclima
¿Cómo ven las flores las abejas? Un sistema creado por científicos británicos nos ofrece ahora la posibilidad de ver el mundo como lo ven estos insectos.
Una técnica basada en la iluminación ultravioleta revela los colores y destellos ocultos de las plantas comunes.
La Base de Datos de Reflexión Floral (FReD, por sus siglas in inglés), creada por investigadores del Imperial College de Londres y del Queen Mary, de la Universidad de Londres, les permite a los expertos ver los colores de las plantas a través de los ojos de las abejas y otros insectos polinizadores.
Los sistemas que tienen las abejas para detectar los colores son distintos a los que tienen los seres humanos: tienen la capacidad de ver las flores bajo el espectro de los rayos ultravioletas.
Coreopsis tinctoria Coreopsis tinctoria es una planta común en América del Norte. Fotografiada bajo una luz ultravioleta, los pigmentos de uss flores brillan y refulgen.
Foto: Craig P. Burrows
Monarda sp.Con sus coloridos intensos, algunas flores de Monarda sp. atraen a los polinizadores. Bajo una lámpara de luz ultravioleta, la planta parece un arcoíris electrificado.Foto: Craig P. Burrows Peral de CaleryCon luz UV las flores blancas del peral de Callery (Pyrus calleryana) se tornan moradas. Los colores que vemos los humanos en condiciones normales son las longitudes de onda reflejadas en los distintos materiales; la hierba, por ejemplo, absorbe todos los colores menos el verde. La fluorescencia es la emisión de luz por parte de una sustancia en una longitud de onda distinta de la absorbida. Así, las flores revelan estos colores solo con luz UV.Foto: Craig P. Burrows MirtoEl mirto (Myrtus communis) es un arbusto que suele pasar desapercibido, pero las anteras de sus flores blancas contienen unos pigmentos que, con la iluminación ultravioleta, revelan brillantes detalles.Foto: Craig P. Burrows Kalanchoe marmorataLa flor blana de Kalanchoe marmorata (a la izquierda), se torna rosada en el estudio de Burrows.Foto: Craig P. Burrows Flores bajo la luz ultravioleta La primera tarea del fotógrafo Craig Burrows es elegir una flor, escudriñando en parques y grietas de la calzada. Cuando localiza una buena candidata –con cuerpo y textura compleja–, se la lleva a casa. Si no da con el espécimen que desea, la cultiva él mismo en su jardín. Burrows vive cerca de Los Ángeles, un entorno perfecto por su diversidad botánica. Desde 2014 retrata flores con una técnica denominada fotografía de fluorescencia visible inducida por radiación ultravioleta (UVIVF, por sus siglas en inglés ). Este método hace visibles los espectaculares colores que emite una flor cuando está expuesta a la luz ultravioleta.
Los pigmentos normales cobran nueva vida y aparecen unos tonos que uno imaginaría más propios de la flora de otro planeta. Las margaritas y los girasoles suelen presentar las fluorescencias más llamativas, con pigmentos que refulgen en colores vibrantes. Muchas flores revelan aspectos inapreciables bajo una iluminación convencional.
La técnica UVIVF requiere una oscuridad casi absoluta y la perfecta inmovilidad de las plantas. Obviamente las flores no salen corriendo al ver la cámara, pero en una exposición de 20 segundos de duración siempre pueden moverse, doblarse o girarse. Burrows contiene el aliento en el ínterin, consciente de que una simple exhalación o un mínimo movimiento del polvo pueden introducir partículas distractoras o hacer que la imagen salga borrosa. El resultado es una serie de luminosos retratos botánicos salpicados de destellos.
«No creo nada especial –dice Burrows–. Lo que hago es encontrar algo que tenemos delante de nosotros y compartirlo de una forma que las demás personas todavía no han visto nunca». Muchas veces, añade, las cosas más interesantes están ocultas ante nuestros propios ojos.
Vía: nationalgeographic
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