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La deforestación en la Selva Atlántica de Brasil acaba con 58 especies de aves – Nuestroclima
El estudio, realizado por Lisieux Fuzessy y su equipo del Centro de Investigación Ecológica y Aplicaciones Forestales (CREAF) junto con la Universidad de San Pablo, fue publicado en la revista Conservation Biology . Analizó 539 especies en 200 puntos georreferenciados y reveló resultados alarmantes: solo el 10% de la selva atlántica conserva más del 70% de su cobertura natural. Este ecosistema ha sido profundamente alterado por actividades humanas como la agricultura y la urbanización, lo que ha llevado a la pérdida de especies y a un decremento en la diversidad y redundancia funcional.
La selva atlántica de Brasil, situada al sur del Amazonas, está experimentando una transformación alarmante que impacta gravemente la biodiversidad aviar de la región. Investigaciones recientes han documentado la desaparición de 58 especies en áreas deforestadas, de un total de casi 539 que habitaban el ecosistema, lo que pone en riesgo tanto la biodiversidad como las funciones ecológicas que estas aves desempeñaban.
La extinción de aves como la pava yacutinga (Pipile jacutinga) y la cotinga aliblanco (Xipholena atropurpurea) significa la pérdida de funciones vitales en el ecosistema. La pava yacutinga, que se encuentra en peligro crítico, juega un papel esencial en la dispersión de semillas grandes. En su lugar, las nuevas aves que han llegado, como palomas y gorriones, no pueden asumir estas funciones. De manera similar, la cotinga aliblanco era fundamental para el control de insectos, una tarea que actualmente no está siendo cumplida adecuadamente.
El estudio también resalta la situación alarmante de especies endémicas y amenazadas, como la cotorra de tiriba (Pyrrhura cruentata) y el semillero picudo (Sporophila falcirostris). La distribución restringida y la disminución de las poblaciones de estas aves indican una pérdida considerable en la biodiversidad local, siendo que la cotorra ya ha desaparecido en algunas áreas.
Fuzessy enfatiza que la selva atlántica es un sistema interconectado, donde la extinción de una especie puede repercutir en muchas otras. Aunque su investigación se centró inicialmente en los monos, se hizo evidente la importancia de incluir el estudio de aves para entender mejor las dinámicas del ecosistema. Este ecosistema, aunque menos conocido que el Amazonas, puede ser un precursor de lo que podría suceder en otros bosques si no se implementan medidas urgentes.
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