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La Mara, un curioso ejemplar autóctono de la Patagonia – Nuestroclima
La mara patagónica existe en la Argentina desde hace siglos. Geográficamente habita desde el centro del país hasta la provincia de Santa Cruz, por lo general en zonas semiáridas abiertas, con abundancia de hierbas.
Estos animales se ven afectados por las actividades del ser humano, como la extensión de la zona de cultivo y pastoreo, la caza furtiva, y la competencia con la liebre europea introducida en nuestro país que invadió su área.
Perteneciente a la familia de los roedores, es considerada una especie endémica, es decir, que sólo habita un área determinada del planeta, en este caso, a este animal sólo lo podremos encontrar en la Patagonia. Curiosamente, debido a su rápida carrera y ágiles saltos, se la confunde con las liebres, valiéndole el nombre de liebre criolla o liebre patagónica.
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Descripción
Roedor de gran tamaño que puede alcanzar los 16 Kg de peso. Sus patas son largas y finas, más largas las traseras que las delanteras. Las extremidades anteriores poseen uñas en forma de garras mientras que las posteriores tienen forma de pequeñas pezuñas. La estructura corporal y la forma de desplazarse a saltos, recuerda a las autenticas liebres, de ahí que sea vulgarmente conocidas con este nombre. Su pelaje es denso, grisáceo en las partes superiores y más claro en las inferiores.
Alimentación
Herbívora, capaz de vivir sin beber agua gracias a su particular metabolismo.
Reproducción
El período de gestación dura 90 días y en libertad nacen una media de 2 crías una vez por año. El parto tiene lugar en las profundas y amplias galerías. Las crías nacen muy despiertas y pueden correr desde el primer momento. Todo esta indicado para evadir a los depredadores, las mamas están dispuestas muy laterales, para amamantar a las crías en posición sentada y no descuidar la vigilancia. La lactancia se prolonga durante 11 semanas aproximadamente y se reproduce por primera vez a los 8 meses de edad. Durante la época de celo se suceden las ceremonias nupciales y machos y hembras muestran originales posturas.
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Costumbres y Vida Social
Corren con gran rapidez, aunque solo lo hacen cuando están en peligro. Al descansar adoptan una postura extraña para ser un roedor, sentándose sobre sus cuartos traseros, con las extremidades anteriores estiradas a la manera que lo hace un perro. Viven en madrigueras construidas por ellas mismas o aprovechando las que ya estaban excavadas por otros animales, que posteriormente agrandan o retocan. Viven en grupos de número variable, de 3-4 hasta 40 individuos. Desarrollen sus actividades durante el día.
Características
Clase: Mamíferos.Orden: Roedores.Familia: Caviídos.Longitud: 60,5-73,5 cm.Longitud de la cola 4.5 cm.Peso: Hasta 16 kg.Distribución: Argentina (la Patagonia).Hábitat: Estepas y matorrales espinosos .Camada: 1-5 crías.Gestación: 90-93 días.Longevidad: 13-15 años.
Vía: https://www.zoobotanicojerez.com/
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