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Las aves ¿realmente evolucionaron de los dinosaurios? – Nuestroclima
Aún existen ciertas controversias en cuanto a la evolución de las aves ¿realmente son las descendientes de los desaparecidos dinosaurios?
La evolución de los animales es un área de las ciencias muy fascinante, y en ciertos casos enigmática, pues pensemos en todos los acontecimientos que fueron ocurriendo a lo largo de millones de años para que, de un planeta sin vida, se fuesen dando las condiciones no solo para el desarrollo de unas primeras formas de vida básicas, sino también para el asombroso despliegue de biodiversidad que hoy tenemos. Dentro de este camino evolutivo nos encontramos con las aves, un grupo distintivo por su relación con los dinosaurios, quienes han recorrido un largo camino de transformaciones a través de millones de años
Se cree que las aves evolucionaron de un grupo de dinosaurios bípedos llamados terópodos . El ancestro de las aves probablemente era similar al terópodo llamado Deinonychus, representado en un dibujo en la Imagen siguiente . Los fósiles del Deinonychus se identificaron por primera vez en los años 60. Este fue un descubrimiento extremadamente importante. Convenció finalmente a la mayoría de los científicos que las aves descendían de los dinosaurios, lo que habían estado discutiendo por casi un siglo.
¿Qué era el Deinonychus ? El Deinonychus es el nombre científico de un dinosaurio extinto que se considera como el pariente que no es ave más cercano a las aves modernas. Vivió hace 110 millones de años atrás en lo que ahora es Norte América. El Deinonychus fue un depredador carnívoro con muchos rasgos similares los rasgos de las aves. Por ejemplo, tenía alas y plumas. También tenía patas fuertes con garras, similares a las de las aves rapaces modernas. Su sistema respiratorio, circulatorio y digestivo era similar a los de las aves. La ubicación de los fósiles de los huevos cerca de los fósiles del Deinonychus sugiere que quizás empollaba sus huevos. Esto significaría que fue un animal de sangre caliente . (¿Puedes explicar por qué?) Por otro lado, el Deinonychus tenía rasgos de reptiles como mandíbulas con dientes y patas con garras en la punta de sus alas.
FOTO. ROBERT CLARK Evolución del vuelo Los científicos han especulado sobre la evolución del vuelo en las aves. Se preguntaban cómo y por qué las aves desarrollaron alas de un par de extremidades frontales. Se han sugerido diferentes hipótesis. Aquí presentamos solo dos:
Las alas se desarrollaron a partir de un ancestro que saltaba en el aire para evitar a su depredador o para cazar su presa. Por lo tanto, las alas son brazos modificados que ayudaban al animal a saltar más alto. Las alas se desarrollaron en un ancestro que vivía en los árboles. Por lo tanto, las alas son brazos modificados que ayudaban al animal a colgarse de rama en rama. Los científicos aun no saben cómo o por qué las alas y el vuelo se desarrollo, pero continúan las investigaciones para obtener respuestas. Además del estudio de fósiles, están estudiando los vertebrados vivos como los murciélagos que también desarrollaron adaptaciones para volar.
Resumen Se cree que las aves evolucionaron de dinosaurios terópodos cerca de 150 millones de año atrás. Los ancestros de las aves podría ser similares al terópodo extinto Deinonychus , sus fósiles convencieron a la mayoría de los científicos que las aves evolucionaron de los dinosaurios. Los científicos aún no saben cómo ni por qué se desarrollaron las alas y el vuelo, pero continúan investigando para obtener respuestas. Estudios recientes Un estudio dirigido por científicos de China y Estados Unidos analizó los genomas de 124 especies de aves vivas y crearon un árbol evolutivo para los Neoaves, que incluyen el 95 por ciento de todos los pájaros modernos.
Combinando registros fósiles, descubrieron que los principales linajes de aves se pueden dividir en dos grupos: un grupo representa especies terrestres y el otro grupo representa aves acuáticas. Estimaron que esta división tuvo lugar durante el período Cretácico Superior, mucho antes del evento de extinción del final del Cretácico hace aproximadamente 66 millones de años.
FOTO: ROBERT CLARK Con información de: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/ https://diariohoy.net/
Fotografía de portada: El espécimen de Berlín de Archaeopteryx lithographica . H. Raab (User: Vesta) – Trabajo propio
Fotografías centrales de la nota: Robert Clark
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