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Protuberancias en un cielo tormentosos «cúmulos mammatus» – Nuestroclima
Existen algunas nubes extrañas y caprichosas, incluso intimidatorias, con infinitos bultos que se forman debido al choque de fuertes corrientes verticales descendentes. Son las formaciones del tipo mammatus.
Pero no son nubes en sí mismas y pueden formarse a partir de varios tipos de nubes como cirros, cúmulos, estratos, también estratocúmulus y especialmente a partir de cumulonimbus, siempre que exista una corriente descendente que aplaste la nube contra su ascensión natural de formación. El resultado es una superficie inferior de la nube con bultos o “mamas” que dan el nombre a tan curioso fenómeno atmosférico.
Los cumulonimbus con forma de yunque son los que generan los mammatus más espectaculares, colgantes desde la base de la nube con bultos espectaculares.
Cuando la concentración de cristales de hielo o agua líquida es muy alta en la parte del yunque, entonces comienzan a precipitar. En las nubes mammatus (alejadas de las vigorosas corrientes ascendentes del núcleo convectivo) el aire saturado comienza descender y con ello, las gotitas de agua subfundida y cristalitos de hielo.
Al descender el aire saturado se calienta y las partículas de agua tienden a evaporase o fundirse, robando calor al aire que desciende con ellas. Parte del calentamiento del descenso se emplea en producir cambios de fases, calentándose menos de lo previsto, a la vez que se sigue manteniendo saturado su ambiente. Las protuberancias, que vemos en forma de mama, son las zonas donde se dan unos máximos de hundimiento de la base de la nube. Las nubes con mamas se forman pues con aire saturado descendente en su seno.
Foto de portada: Impresionantes. Las nubes mastodónticas en el cielo de La Falda (La Voz).
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