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¿Por qué es más caliente la corona solar que el mismísimo sol? – Nuestroclima
La superficie solar está «solo» a unos 5500 grados, mientras que la corona solar alcanza los 3 millones de grados.
Es un misterio que ha intrigado a los científicos durante mucho tiempo, ya que intuitivamente esperaríamos que a mayor distancia del núcleo de una estrella, la temperatura fuera menor. Sin embargo, la corona solar, que es la capa más externa del Sol, alcanza temperaturas de millones de grados, mientras que la superficie (fotosfera) tiene unos 5.800 K.
¿Por qué ocurre esto?
Aunque todavía no hay una respuesta definitiva y aceptada por todos los científicos, se han propuesto varias teorías que intentan explicar este fenómeno:
Reconexión magnética: Esta teoría sugiere que pequeñas explosiones causadas por la reconexión de las líneas del campo magnético solar liberan una gran cantidad de energía que calienta el plasma de la corona.Ondas de Alfvén: Estas ondas, que se propagan a través del plasma solar, podrían disipar su energía en la corona, calentándola.Nanoflares: Pequeñas erupciones solares, mucho más pequeñas que las que podemos observar desde la Tierra, podrían calentar la corona de manera constante.¿Cuál es la teoría más aceptada?
Actualmente, la teoría de la reconexión magnética a pequeña escala parece ser la más prometedora para explicar el calentamiento de la corona solar. Sin embargo, es probable que sea una combinación de varios procesos la que finalmente dé cuenta de este fenómeno tan complejo.
¿Por qué es importante estudiar este fenómeno?
Comprender el mecanismo que calienta la corona solar es fundamental para entender muchos otros procesos que ocurren en el Sol, como las erupciones solares y las eyecciones de masa coronal, que pueden tener un impacto significativo en la Tierra y en otros planetas. Además, este conocimiento puede ayudarnos a desarrollar modelos más precisos del clima espacial y a predecir eventos solares extremos.
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