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Científicos descubren que las olas de calor también llegan al fondo del océano – Nuestroclima
Los datos del Sistema Integrado de Observación Marina de Australia revelan que más del 70 % de las olas de calor profundas ocurrieron en remolinos oceánicos.
Las olas de calor en el océano son períodos prolongados de incremento de temperatura que pueden causar daños significativos a los ecosistemas marinos, afectando especialmente a los arrecifes de coral y provocando el desplazamiento de diversas especies marinas.
En los últimos años, la frecuencia de estas olas de calor ha aumentado, en gran parte debido al calentamiento global. Se han observado casos destacados en las costas orientales de Australia y Tasmania, así como en el noreste del Pacífico y el Atlántico norte. Estos fenómenos han sido objeto de estudio en la superficie del mar durante más de una década, utilizando tradicionalmente datos satelitales sobre temperaturas superficiales. Sin embargo, una nueva investigación ha revelado un descubrimiento inquietante: las olas de calor también ocurren en las profundidades del océano, un hecho que hasta ahora había pasado desapercibido.
Los científicos analizaron más de dos millones de perfiles de temperatura de los océanos globales y encontraron que el 80 % de las olas de calor que se producen a más de 100 metros de profundidad son independientes de los eventos registrados en la superficie. Esto indica que es probable que las olas de calor en las profundidades no sean detectadas debido a que la vigilancia se ha centrado principalmente en la superficie del océano, lo que pone de manifiesto una importante brecha en nuestro conocimiento sobre estas condiciones extremas.
Las zonas profundas del océano son hogar de una amplia variedad de vida marina, incluyendo plancton y múltiples especies de peces. Estos hallazgos amplían nuestra comprensión de la frecuencia e intensidad de los eventos de temperatura extrema bajo la superficie, así como de sus posibles repercusiones, como explica Ming Feng del CSIRO.
La investigación también destacó el papel de las corrientes oceánicas, especialmente los remolinos, en la formación de estas olas de calor, sugiriendo que son factores clave que influyen en los eventos en las profundidades.
Los remolinos, impulsados por el calentamiento global, pueden ser responsables de la aparición de olas de calor en las profundidades. En la región de la corriente de Australia Oriental, datos del Sistema Integrado de Observación Marina de Australia indican que más del 70 % de las olas de calor profundas se originaron en remolinos oceánicos. Estos fenómenos también pueden afectar la acidificación del agua, los niveles de oxígeno y las concentraciones de nutrientes en los océanos.
Los remolinos son corrientes circulares que alteran la manera en que se absorbe, redistribuye y almacena el calor en el océano. El estudio demostró que las olas de calor en las profundidades a menudo están asociadas con estos remolinos. El calentamiento global ha aumentado las temperaturas extremas dentro de los remolinos en las últimas décadas, lo que probablemente resulte en olas de calor más frecuentes y severas bajo la superficie. Comprender los factores que generan estas olas de calor, como los remolinos, será esencial para evaluar y predecir su aparición futura, así como para entender mejor su impacto en la vida marina.
Referencia de la noticia: Qingyou He, Weikang Zhan, Ming Feng, Yankun Gong, Shuqun Cai, Haigang Zhan. Common occurrences of subsurface heatwaves and cold spells in ocean eddies . Nature, 2024.
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