20";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}#page:after,.bdayh-wrap:after,.container-main:after,.bdayh-inner:after,#content:after,.topbar:after,#nav-menu:after,.primary-menu:after{clear:both}#page.boxed{max-width:1112px;margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{max-width:1200px;padding:0 30px;margin:0 auto}#header{position:relative;z-index:3}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:30px 0}#main{position:relative;padding:30px 0 29px}.container-main{margin:0 -20px;padding:0}#content{float:left;width:65%;padding:0 20px;padding-right:30px;border-right:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.sidebar{position:relative;float:right;width:35%;padding:0 20px 0 30px}.sidebar-left #content{border-right:0 none;border-left:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.sidebar-left .sidebar{float:left;padding:0 30px 0 20px}.sidebar-left #content{float:right;padding:0 20px 0 30px}#topbar{clear:both;border-top:#fb4834 2px solid;background:#f5f5f5;line-height:37px;position:relative;z-index:70}#topbar.top-trans-bg{background:0 0}.topbar .social-icons{float:right}.social-icons{vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden}.topbar .social-icons a,.top-search .search-btn{float:left;margin:0;width:37px;height:37px;line-height:37px;display:inline-block;text-align:center}.social-icons a{width:37px;height:37px;line-height:37px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;color:inherit}.topbar .social-icons a{color:inherit}.social-icons.icon-size-25 a i,.top-search .search-btn i{font-size:18px}.topbar .top-search{float:right;position:relative}.top-search .search-btn{position:relative}.top-search .search-dropdown{position:absolute;right:0;top:39px;width:262px;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none}.top-search-content{padding:15px;overflow:hidden}.top-search input.search-field,.top-search input[type=search]{font-size:13px;width:192px;max-height:40px;float:left;padding:9px 8px;color:#999;margin:0;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:0}.top-search button{background:#777;border:none;color:#fff;float:right;width:40px;height:40px;max-height:40px;display:inline;padding:0;border-radius:0;margin:0}.top-search .search-dropdown:before{position:absolute;top:-7px;right:13px;display:block;content:'';width:0;height:0;border-style:solid;border-width:0 6px 7px;border-color:transparent transparent #f9f9f9}.breaking-news{float:left;position:relative}.breaking-news .heading{float:left;margin-right:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.breaking-news ul{float:left}.breaking-news ul li{display:none;line-height:35px}.breaking-news ul li i{margin-right:10px;font-size:10px;overflow:hidden;line-height:9px}.breaking-news ul li:first-child{display:block}.breaking-news ul li a{color:#707070;font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.header-ads{display:block;float:right;line-height:0}#articleTop-ads ins{margin:auto;max-width:100%!important;line-height:0}.header-ads,#articleTop-ads{text-align:center;overflow:hidden}.logo{display:inline-block}.logo h2{padding:0;margin:0}.logo * a,#topbar * a,#navigation * a{text-decoration:none}.logo-left .logo{float:left;margin-top:0}.site-title{line-height:20px}nav.navigation{max-height:50px;line-height:50px}nav.navigation #nav-menu{background:#f5f5f5;display:table;width:100%}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark #nav-menu{box-shadow:none}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark #nav-menu{background:#1f1f1f}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary{display:block;position:relative}.primary-menu ul,.primary-menu li{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0}.primary-menu ul li{position:relative}.primary-menu ul{position:relative}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li{float:left;position:relative}.bdayh-menu-border-color{content:'';position:absolute;height:3px;bottom:0;width:100%;left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a>.bdayh-menu-border-color{background:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{padding:0 10px;position:relative;display:block;font-size:13px;text-transform:none}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a{padding-right:28px}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent{background:#fb4834}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent>a{color:#fff}.primary-menu ul>li>a,.primary-menu ul li ul li a{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:#787878}.primary-menu ul li ul li a{font-size:12px;font-weight:600}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul>li>a{color:#fff}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{border-right:1px rgba(255,255,255,.05) solid;border-left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{border-right:1px rgba(0,0,0,.05) solid;border-left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:50%;right:18px;margin-top:-2px;height:0;width:0;border:4px solid transparent;border-top-color:#aaa}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent.menu-item-has-children>a:after,nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{border-top-color:#fff}.primary-menu ul ul{display:none!important;-webkit-animation-duration:.4s;animation-duration:.4s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both}.widget{display:block;position:relative}.sidebar .widget{margin-bottom:35px;width:100%;clear:both}.sidebar .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.widget{font-size:13px;line-height:19px;position:relative}.widget form{position:relative}.widget_search .search-submit{position:absolute;right:0}.widget_search input{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0}.widget_search .search-field{width:94%}.widget{overflow:hidden;padding:0 1px}section.widget:before,section.widget:after{content:" ";display:table}.post-header-bd header{overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.post-header-bd header h1{font-size:32px;margin:6px 0 12px;padding:0;word-wrap:break-word;font-weight:700;width:100%}.post-header-bd header h1{color:#1f1f1f}.post-header-bd header .meta-info{font-size:85%;line-height:17px;text-transform:capitalize;margin-bottom:16px;position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;clear:both}.post-header-bd header .meta-info,.post-header-bd header .meta-info a{color:#777}.post-header-bd header .meta-info i{margin-right:3px}.post-header-bd header .meta-info div{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px}.post-content-bd{padding:30px 0 0;color:#2c2f34}.post-content-bd a{color:#fb4834}.post-featured{display:block;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:22px}.post-featured-image-bd a{display:block;line-height:0}.post-featured-image-bd img{width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%}.post-content-bd img{margin-bottom:21px}.post-content-bd figure img{margin-bottom:0}.title-bd{border-top:3px #fb4834 solid;display:block;min-height:12px;margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:20px}.title-bd h3{float:left;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;line-height:13px;margin:-13px 0 0!important;background:#fb4834;border-radius:2px;padding:5px 11px 4px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:middle;text-transform:uppercase;z-index:10}.title-bd h3{color:#fff}#cancel-comment-reply-link{clear:both}#cancel-comment-reply-link{color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:12px;padding:3px 9px;margin-left:3px;border-radius:3px}#cancel-comment-reply-link{background:#ccc;float:left;margin:0 10px 10px 0}#respond input{background:#fff;color:#404040;border:1px solid #e8e8e8;display:block;margin:0 0 9px;padding:7px 14px;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:19px}header .post-sharing-bd{border-top:1px #e8e8e8 solid;border-bottom:1px #e8e8e8 solid;position:relative;z-index:2;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:15px 0;margin:10px 0 -11px}header .post-sharing-bd{border-bottom:none;margin:0}.post-sharing-bd ul{float:none;overflow:hidden}.post-sharing-bd ul,.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd a{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0}.post-sharing-bd li{visibility:visible;background:#1f1f1f;border-radius:2px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:45px;height:33px;line-height:33px;margin-left:4px;float:right}.post-sharing-bd li a{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:20px}.post-sharing-bd li.ps-title{background:0 0;color:#1f1f1f;visibility:visible;float:left;width:auto;margin:0}.post-sharing-bd li.ps-title i{font-size:21px;line-height:33px;font-weight:400}.post-sharing-bd li.facebook{background:#3b5998}.post-sharing-bd li.twitter{background:#55acee}.post-sharing-bd li.linkedin{background:#0976b4}.post-sharing-bd li.reddit{background:#ff4500}.post-sharing-bd li.pinterest{background:#cc2127}.post-sharing-bd li.whatsapp{background:#21ba2f;display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1020px){.post-sharing-bd ul li.telegram,.post-sharing-bd ul li.whatsapp{display:inline-block}}.post-featured-image-bd{position:relative}.post-content-bd h3{line-height:120%;margin-top:0}.post-content-bd>div{margin-bottom:24px}article{overflow:hidden}.post-content-bd{position:relative;max-width:100%;display:block}.fa{font-family:FontAwesome!important}*,*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.bd-ClickOpen{display:none;margin:0;position:absolute;top:30px;left:13px;opacity:1;height:34px;width:40px;z-index:666}.bd-ClickOpen span{left:6px}.bd-ClickOpen span,.bd-ClickOpen span:after,.bd-ClickOpen span:before{top:5px;position:absolute;content:' ';display:block;height:3px;width:28px;background:#333;-webkit-border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;border-radius:10px}.bd-ClickOpen span:before{top:8px}.bd-ClickOpen span:after{top:16px}.bd-MobileSiderbar{background:#fff;position:absolute;display:block;left:0;top:0;z-index:1;height:100%;width:80%;color:#ddd;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-o-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden;-ms-backface-visibility:hidden;-o-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.search-mobile{margin:20px;height:40px;overflow:hidden;background:#f6f6f6;position:relative;-webkit-border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px}.search-mobile #s-mobile{background:0 0;float:left;margin:0;padding:10px 12px;width:92%;color:#444;font-size:12px;line-height:20px}.search-mobile button.search-button,.search-mobile #s-mobile{-webkit-border-radius:0!important;-moz-border-radius:0!important;border-radius:0!important;border:0 none!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.search-mobile button.search-button{background:#f43d2a;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:40px;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:40px;font-size:18px;color:#fff;z-index:444}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu ul ul{display:none}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu li{list-style:none;position:relative}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu a{color:#656565;display:block;font-size:15px;padding:9px 0 9px 20px;min-height:45px;border-bottom:1px solid #f6f6f6;text-transform:uppercase}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu ul ul a{font-size:13px;padding-left:30px}.page-outer{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.bg-cover{position:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}#bdCheckAlso{background:#fff;position:fixed;z-index:999;bottom:65px;right:-350px;width:300px;border-bottom:0 none;padding:10px 20px 20px;border-top-width:4px;border-top-style:solid;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);border:0 none!important}#bdCheckAlso{border-top-color:#e6ae48}.check-also-post{padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.check-also-post:last-child{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:0 none}.check-also-post .post-title{margin:15px 0 10px;padding:0;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}.check-also-post p{font-size:14px;line-height:18px;margin:0;padding:0}.title-bd{position:relative;display:block}#check-also-close{position:absolute;right:0;top:-13px;padding-left:7px;background:#fff}.check-also-thumb{width:260px;height:130px;background-position:center;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}#reading-position-indicator{display:block;height:4px;position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;width:0;z-index:9999;max-width:100%;background:#fb4834}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1023px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:block}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.menu-label{display:block!important}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{padding:0 10px;font-size:12px}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}.widget{padding:0 20px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}#content{border:0 none!important}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.primary-menu{display:none}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}@media (max-width:767px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0 10px!important;display:block}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}.breaking-news i{display:none}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:none}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.post-sharing-bd li{width:33px}.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd ul{text-align:center}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}#content{border:0 none!important}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:99%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.widget{padding:0 10px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}@media (max-width:368px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0 10px!important;display:block}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}.breaking-news i{display:none}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:none}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.post-sharing-bd li{width:33px}.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd ul{text-align:center}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}#content{border:0 none!important}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:99%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.widget{padding:0 10px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}.sidebar,.content,.bdayh-inner,.theia_sticky,div.theiaStickySidebar{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden!important;backface-visibility:hidden!important;-moz-transform-origin:0 0!important;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:unset!important;animation-fill-mode:unset!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;right:initial!important;left:initial!important}}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0,0)}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002"}.fa-close:before{content:"\f00d"}.fa-bookmark:before{content:"\f02e"}.fa-eye:before{content:"\f06e"}.fa-twitter:before{content:"\f099"}.fa-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.fa-pinterest:before{content:"\f0d2"}.fa-linkedin:before{content:"\f0e1"}.fa-comments-o:before{content:"\f0e6"}.fa-reddit:before{content:"\f1a1"}.fa-share-alt:before{content:"\f1e0"}.fa-whatsapp:before{content:"\f232"}:root{--swiper-theme-color:#007aff}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container{list-style:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative;z-index:1}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-wrapper{box-sizing:content-box;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;width:100%;z-index:1}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-wrapper{transform:translateZ(0)}:root{--swiper-navigation-size:44px}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{align-items:center;color:var(--swiper-navigation-color,var(--swiper-theme-color));display:flex;height:var(--swiper-navigation-size);justify-content:center;margin-top:calc(0px - var(--swiper-navigation-size)/2);position:absolute;top:50%;width:calc(var(--swiper-navigation-size)/44*27);z-index:10}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{font-family:swiper-icons;font-size:var(--swiper-navigation-size);font-variant:normal;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1;text-transform:none!important;text-transform:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{left:10px;right:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{content:"prev"}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next{left:auto;right:10px}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after{content:"next"}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-pagination{position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateZ(0);z-index:10}:root{--jp-carousel-primary-color:#fff;--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color:#999;--jp-carousel-bg-color:#000;--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color:#222;--jp-carousel-border-color:#3a3a3a}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{background-image:none}.jp-carousel-wrap *{line-height:inherit}.jp-carousel-wrap.swiper-container{height:auto;width:100vw}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{background-image:none;height:auto;opacity:.5;padding:20px 40px;width:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{content:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next svg,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;height:30px;width:28px}.jp-carousel-overlay{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);bottom:0;direction:ltr;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;left:0;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:2147483647}.jp-carousel-overlay *{box-sizing:border-box}.jp-carousel-overlay h2:before,.jp-carousel-overlay h3:before{content:none;display:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-prev{left:0;right:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-next{left:auto;right:0}.jp-carousel-container{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 64px;height:100%}.jp-carousel-info{-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased!important;background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;opacity:1;text-align:left!important;z-index:100}.jp-carousel-info-footer{align-items:center;display:flex;height:64px;justify-content:space-between;position:relative}.jp-carousel-info-extra,.jp-carousel-info-footer{background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);width:100vw}.jp-carousel-info-extra{border-top:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color);display:none;padding:35px}.jp-carousel-title-and-caption{margin-bottom:15px}.jp-carousel-photo-info{left:0!important;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-comments-wrapper{display:none;padding:0;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-close-hint{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);height:45px;letter-spacing:0!important;padding:10px;position:fixed;right:30px;text-align:right;top:20px;width:45px;z-index:15}.jp-carousel-close-hint svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-caption{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);font-size:15px;margin:0;text-align:center;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-photo-title{font-size:32px;margin-bottom:2px}.jp-carousel-photo-description{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);font-size:16px;margin:25px 0;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;width:100%}.jp-carousel-caption{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin:0}.jp-carousel-image-meta{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:13px;font:12px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;width:100%}.jp-carousel-image-meta ul{list-style:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}a.jp-carousel-image-download{clear:both;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);display:inline-block;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}a.jp-carousel-image-download svg{display:inline-block;margin:0 3px;padding-bottom:2px;vertical-align:middle}.jp-carousel-comments{background:none transparent;bottom:10px;font:15px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;font-weight:400;margin-top:20px;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-form{margin:0 0 10px!important;width:100%}textarea#jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-border-color);border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);float:none;font:16px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;height:147px;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 10px 5px;width:100%}textarea#jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#555}#jp-carousel-loading-overlay{bottom:0;display:none;left:0;position:fixed;right:0;top:0}#jp-carousel-loading-wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100vh;justify-content:center;width:100vw}#jp-carousel-library-loading,#jp-carousel-library-loading:after{border-radius:50%;height:40px;width:40px}#jp-carousel-library-loading{animation:load8 1.1s linear infinite;border:8px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-left:8px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);float:left;font-size:10px;margin:22px 0 0 10px;position:relative;text-indent:-9999em;transform:translateZ(0)}#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner,#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner:after{border-radius:50%;height:20px;width:20px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner{animation:load8 1.1s linear infinite;border:4px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-left:4px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);bottom:0;display:none;float:left;font-size:10px;left:0;margin:0 auto;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-9999em;top:calc(50% - 15px);transform:translateZ(0)}@keyframes load8{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper{margin:auto;max-width:800px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper{display:none;overflow:hidden;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as input{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-border-color);border-radius:2px;box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.2);color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);float:left;font:16px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;padding:10px;width:285px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as fieldset{border:none;clear:both;float:left;margin:20px 0 0;padding:0}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as label{float:left;font:400 13px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;margin:0 20px 3px 0;width:100px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);border-radius:3px;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:block;font-size:14px;margin-left:auto;margin-top:20px;padding:8px 16px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-container{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:20px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-post-results{display:none;overflow:auto;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comments-loading{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);display:none}#jp-carousel-comments-loading{bottom:10px;font:400 15px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px;text-align:left;width:100%}.jp-carousel-photo-icons-container{display:block;flex:1;margin:0 20px 0 30px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-icon-btn{background:0 0;border:none;display:inline-block;height:64px;padding:16px;text-decoration:none}.jp-carousel-icon{border:none;border-radius:4px;display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:0;padding:4px 3px 3px;width:31px}.jp-carousel-icon svg{display:inline-block}.jp-carousel-overlay rect{fill:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color)}.jp-carousel-icon .jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator{background:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);border-radius:4px;color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);display:none;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin-left:-16px;padding:2px 4px;position:relative;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (max-width:760px){.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-prev{display:none!important}.jp-carousel-image-meta{box-sizing:border-box;float:none!important;margin-left:0;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-close-hint{font-size:26px!important;position:fixed!important;right:10px;top:10px}.jp-carousel-wrap{background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color)}.jp-carousel-caption{overflow:visible!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{display:none}.jp-carousel-photo-icons-container{margin:0 10px 0 0;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-icon-btn{padding-left:20px}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{margin-left:25px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as fieldset,#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as input{float:none;width:100%}}:root{--jetpack--contact-form--border:1px solid #8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-color:#8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-size:1px;--jetpack--contact-form--border-style:solid;--jetpack--contact-form--border-radius:0px;--jetpack--contact-form--input-padding:16px}#jp-relatedposts{clear:both;display:none;margin:1em 0;padding-top:1em;position:relative}.jp-relatedposts:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline{display:inline-block;float:left;font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 1em}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em:before{border-top:1px solid #dcdcde;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:"";display:block;margin-bottom:1em;min-width:30px;width:100%}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}#amp-mobile-version-switcher{left:0;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:100}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a{background-color:#444;border:0;color:#eaeaea;display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:15px 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}
¿Cuánta agua tiene el planeta Marte? – Nuestroclima
Las reservas de agua de Marte, la mayor parte en forma de salmueras, podrían no ser tan extensas como se pensaba.
Esa es la principal conclusión de un estudio llevado a cabo por investigadores del Centro de Ciencias Espaciales y Planetarias de la Universidad de Arkansas y publicado por «The Planetary Science Journal» .
Vincent Chevrier, autor principal de la investigación, y sus colegas Edgard G. Rivera-Valentín y Travis S. Altheide, combinaron datos de las tasas de evaporación de la salmuera, obtenidos en una cámara de simulación de Marte, con un modelo de circulación meteorológica global del planeta rojo para crear mapas planetarios que permitieran saber dónde es más probable encontrar el agua.
Las salmueras son una mezcla de agua y sales minerales que son más resistentes a la ebullición, la congelación y la evaporación que el agua pura. Conocer exactamente su ubicación dará valiosas indicaciones para saber dónde es más probable que exista vida, presente o pasada, en Marte, y también cuáles son los mejores lugares para los futuros asentamientos humanos.
Marte: unas nuevas predicciones menos optimistas Muchos de los estudios anteriores que trataron de cuantificar y localizar las reservas de agua marcianas solían tener en cuenta un único cambio de fase del agua. Ahora, los investigadores se han fijado en todos ellos a la vez (congelación, ebullición y evaporación) para hacer sus predicciones.
«Hemos observado todas las propiedades al mismo tiempo en lugar de una a la vez –explica Chevrier– Y después construimos mapas teniendo en cuenta todos esos procesos simultáneamente» .
El investigador cree que los estudios previos pueden haber sobreestimado el tiempo que las salmueras permanecen en la superficie del planeta, expuestas a la fría, tenue y árida atmósfera marciana. «La conclusión más importante –prosigue el investigador– es que si no se tienen en cuenta todos estos procesos al mismo tiempo, siempre se sobreestima la estabilidad de las salmueras. Esa es la realidad de la situación» .
Para los investigadores, es mucho más probable que las condiciones favorables para las salmueras estables en la superficie del planeta se den en las latitudes medias y altas del norte y en los grandes cráteres de impacto del hemisferio sur . En el subsuelo poco profundo, también podría haber salmueras cerca del ecuador.
Pero en el mejor de los casos, esas salmueras no serían tan estables como muchos piensan, y podrían estar presentes solo durante unas 12 horas al día. Para Chevrier, pues, «en ningún lugar de Marte hay salmueras que permanezcan estables durante un día entero» .
Fuente: José Manuel Nieves / ABC, Ambientum
También te puede interesar
Murallas de gas formadas por la materia que pudo