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El águila mora: una gran rapaz de alto vuelo – Nuestroclima
El águila mora (Geranoaetus melanoleucus) es una especie de ave accipitriforme de la familia Accipitridae. Se trata de un ave de presa que vive en Sudamérica.
Rapaz grande con alas anchas y cola corta. Bastante común y ampliamente distribuída en Suramérica, desde las elevaciones altas en los Andes de Colombia hasta las tierras bajas en Tierra del Fuego. Los adultos tienen la cabeza y el pecho gris oscuro que contrastan con el vientre blanco. Desde arriba las alas son de color gris plateado; desde abajo, las cobertoras blancas contrastan con las plumas de vuelo oscuras.
Nota la forma en vuelo: con secundarias abultadas, puntas de las alas cónicas y una cola muy corta. Los juveniles son marrones y rayados, difíciles de distinguir de Variable Hawk. Busca la forma más voluminosa y la cola más corta y más graduada.
Mide entre 60 y 76 cm de largo y posee una envergadura alar de 149 a 184 cm, lo que la convierte en una de las aves más grandes de este territorio. Presenta dimorfismo sexual reverso (la hembra es más grande que el macho). Posee alas anchas en las secundarias y una cola muy corta (excepto en juveniles, donde es un poco más larga), que le dan una apariencia triangular (siendo la cola el ápice). Es de plumaje gris oscuro, con vientre blanco y pecho negro.
Las coberteras alares son claras. Las partes inferiores blancas poseen barras o líneas. El juvenil posee un plumaje muy oscuro con tonos castaño rojizo en la parte superior y un vientre beige, con manchas pardas muy juntas unas de otras.
Resulta fácil de identificar por el contraste negro y blanco, y por su característico vuelo, de aleteo corto y con la cola muy erguida.
Es un ave rapaz solitaria que se alimenta principalmente de mamíferos medianos como roedores, pero también de lagartijas, culebras, aves e invertebrados. Arma sus nidos en riscos inaccesibles o en las copas de árboles altos.
Coloca de uno a tres huevos (generalmente dos) que incuba durante 30 días. Anida en grietas de peñascos o en la copa de los árboles. Tiene su mayor actividad a media mañana y a media tarde; cuando se producen las corrientes ascendentes. Sobrevuela zonas con escasa vegetación donde puede encontrar más fácilmente sus presas.
Historia natural El águila mora habita en montañas o colinas, donde permanece al acecho de la presa, que consiste en mamíferos como liebres, aves, serpientes y carroña. Anida en árboles altos o en rocosidades.
Se le ha registrado dando muerte a caracaras cordilleranos en la puna peruana, a quienes los atrapa en emboscada cuando estos se alimentan.
Hábitat y comportamiento Habita en los bosques, áreas abiertas, laderas de cerros y serranías, en las zonas donde predomina la hierba o la vegetación no muy alta. Gusta de planear, fácilmente reconocible por su silueta triangular en vuelo por sus largas alas y cola corta. Se le documenta hasta los 4500 metros de elevación.
Alimentación La alimentación consiste de pequeños mamíferos (conejos, ratas y otros) y aves medianas. También come algunos reptiles, invertebrados y carroña. Normalmente se come su presa en el suelo, rara vez en los árboles.
Distribución geográfica Mapa geográfico
En Argentina: En todo el país, menor densidad de ejemplares en Misiones. En América: Desde Venezuela hasta Tierra del Fuego (Argentina).
Situación ecológica actual Su presencia en Argentina no es abundante, así mismo su situación ecológica actual es normal y en equilibrio. Las pocas capturas comerciales para mascota y las matanzas a manos de tiradores no la afectan.
Fotografía de portada – imagen interna: Gabriel Delasala
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