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Hoy en día los seres humanos tienen la temperatura corporal más baja – Nuestroclima
Varios estudios coinciden en que los seres humanos tienen una temperatura más baja ahora que hace dos siglos, cuando se estableció la temperatura normal en 37 grados centígrados
El médico alemán Carl Wunderlich estableció en 1851 que la temperatura media normal del cuerpo humano era de 37 grados centígrados. Este valor se ha tomado como referencia desde entonces para determinar quién tiene fiebre o padece hipotermia, y cómo de grave es una enfermedad.
Sin embargo, a medida que pasan los siglos los informes que aparecen son de temperaturas corporales más bajas en adultos sanos. Un estudio realizado en 2017 entre 35.000 adultos del Reino Unido encontró que la temperatura corporal promedio era más baja (36,6°C), y un estudio realizado en 2019 mostró que la temperatura corporal normal en los estadounidenses (o más bien los de Palo Alto, California) es de unos 36,4°C.
El descenso de temperatura corporal ¿es solo entre los occidentales o se da en otras poblaciones? Un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad de California en Santa Bárbara han encontrado una disminución similar entre los Tsimane, una población indígena de cazadores recolectores de la Amazonia boliviana.
En los 16 años durante los cuales se ha estudiado a los Tsimane, la temperatura de los miembros de esta tribu bajó desde desde 36,56°C a 36,50°C. No es mucho, pero es apreciable, y es el mismo descenso detectado en la población de EEUU en un siglo, pero en menos de dos décadas.
¿POR QUÉ NOS ESTAMOS VOLVIENDO MÁS FRÍOS? Una de las principales hipótesis es que los humanos experimentan menos infecciones con el tiempo debido a la mejora de la higiene, el agua limpia, las vacunas y los tratamiento médico. La fiebre es una respuesta defensiva del organismo, y si no hay atacantes, no hace falta.
Sin embargo, aunque la salud en occidente ha mejorado mucho, sigue habiendo infecciones en la zona estudiada del Amazonas, así que la reducción de la infección por sí sola no puede explicar los descensos de temperatura corporal.
Otra posibilidad es que nuestro organismo no tiene que trabajar tanto para mantener la temperatura corporal constante, debido a la extensión del aire acondicionado en el verano y la calefacción en el invierno, así como a la ropa de abrigo.
En cualquier caso, la temperatura corporal varía ampliamente de una persona a otra, e incluso a lo largo de un día o un año para cada persona individualmente, alrededor de 0,5°C. También varía a lo largo del ciclo menstrual y después de la actividad física, y tiende a disminuir a medida que envejecemos.
La importancia del hallazgo según los investigadores es que la temperatura corporal, que es muy sencilla de medir, puede dar información valiosa sobre la salud general de una población, al igual que otros indicadores comunes como la esperanza de vida.
Vía: QUO
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