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Las olas de frío y los vórtices de aire polar ¿Qué son? – Nuestroclima
A días de la llegada de aire antártico al centro del país, vamos a desarrollar y a despejar dudas dudas sobre los llamativos fenómenos meteorológicos y el impacto en el país y el mundo.
El clima polar o gélido se caracteriza por tener casi permanentemente temperaturas por debajo de 0 °C; y escasas precipitaciones. La humedad en el aire es inexistente y el viento suele ser bastante intenso, lo que hace muy malas las condiciones de vida en este clima.
El vórtice polar es un gran área de baja presión y aire frío que rodea los polos de la Tierra. Siempre existe cerca de las zonas polares pero se debilita en el verano y se intensifica en el invierno. El término “vórtice” se refiere a la rotación en contra de las manecillas del reloj que permite que el aire frío se mantenga cerca de los polos.
En el hemisferio sur, suelen producirse por desprendimiento de aire frío antártico, lo que provoca un intenso enfriamiento en toda la Patagonia, con el desplazamiento de la masa de aire frío hacia la región central del país. Normalmente estos frentes polares son de características frío y secos , lo que hacen retroceder el aire húmedo de manera significativa.
En el caso de Argentina, en invierno son frecuente los frentes de aire de origen polar, que son los desprendimiento de aire muy frío de la región antártica, atraviesan la Patagonia provocando nevadas en Cordillera y posteriores heladas. Si el pulso de aire frío es muy consistente y seco, suele alcanzar regiones como el Cuyo, área central, incluso puede provocar fuertes heladas en el norte del territorio.
En otros puntos del planeta En muchas ocasiones durante el invierno del hemisferio norte, el vórtice polar se expande, enviando el aire frío hacia el sur junto a la corriente en chorro (vea la gráfica anterior). Esto sucede regularmente durante el invierno y está mayormente asociado a olas de frío extremo provenientes del Ártico en los Estados Unidos.
Hay varias cosas que el vórtice polar NO es. Los vórtices polares no son nada nuevo. El término “vórtice polar” ha sido recientemente popularizado, acaparando la atención de un fenómeno meteorológico que siempre ha estado presente. Del mismo modo, no es un fenómeno que existe en la superficie de la Tierra.
Los meteorólogos examinan el vórtice polar analizando las condiciones a decenas de miles de pies en la atmósfera; sin embargo, cuando sentimos aire extremadamente frío de las regiones del Ártico en la superficie de la Tierra, probablemente está asociado al vórtice polar. El vórtice polar no se limita a los Estados Unidos.
Algunas partes de Europa y Asia también experimentan olas de frío asociadas al vórtice polar. Por sí solo, el único peligro que representa para las personas es la magnitud de cuán frías las temperaturas estarán cuando el vórtice polar se expande, enviando aire frío del Ártico hacia el sur a áreas que no son típicamente frías.
Olas de frío
Un evento de ola de frío se define cuando las temperaturas máximas y mínimas igualan o son inferiores, por lo menos durante 3 días consecutivos y en forma simultánea, ciertos valores que dependen de cada localidad (percentil 10 del semestre frío abril-agosto).
La orilla del lago de Chicago está cubierta de hielo cuando llega el frío intenso. TERESA CRAWFORD / AP Con información de: https://www.weather.gov/
Forografía de portada de la nota: DieterMeyrl/ Getty images
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