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La Luna emite carbono – Nuestroclima
La Luna no deja de darnos sorpresas. Y la última nos ha llegado de la mano de una misión japonesa, la Selenological and Emgineering Explorer , de la agencia aeroespacial nipona JAXA. En contra de todo lo esperado, nuestro satélite está emitiendo iones de carbono.
Y lo hace prácticamente desde toda su superficie. Lo cual pone en entredicho la idea de que la Luna carece de elementos volátiles y hace peligrar, por lo tanto, la hoy bien aceptada teoría de que se formó como consecuencia de un impacto de escala planetaria.
En un estudio recién publicado en Science Advances , los investigadores sostienen, además, que el carbono lleva ahí desde el principio, hace unos 4.500 millones de años. Se cree que la Luna se formó después de que un cuerpo del tamaño de Marte chocara con la Tierra. Los escombros de esa brutal colisión habrían sido lanzados de nuevo al espacio, donde la gravedad hizo el resto.
Sin embargo, las altísimas temperaturas generadas por el impacto habrían volatilizado en un instante todos los elementos ligeros, como el carbono. De modo que, a la luz de este descubrimiento la teoría, o por lo menos algunos de sus aspectos, tendrá que ser revisada.
Ni en el programa Apolo Para llegar a esta conclusión, la nave japonesa, más conocida como Kaguya, estuvo recopilando datos alrededor de la Luna durante más de un año y medio. Uno de sus instrumentos era un espectrómetro de masas de iones capaz de detectar todos los iones lunares, incluido el carbono, un elemento que no había aparecido ni siquiera en los datos del programa Apolo, lo que llevó a creer que la Luna carecía de ellos.
Pero los análisis no dejan lugar a dudas. Y al llevarlos a cabo, los investigadores hallaron trazas de carbono y de agua en una serie de cristales volcánicos. Ahora bien, ¿de donde viene todo ese carbono?
«Las emisiones se distribuyen prácticamente por toda la superficie de la Luna, pero sus cantidades difieren de una región a otra» , escriben los autores en su estudio. «Nuestras estimaciones demuestran que el carbono autóctono existe por todas partes, lo que respalda la hipótesis de una Luna con carbono, donde ese elemento se incrustó durante su formación y / o fue transportado allí hace miles de millones de años» .
En la misma Luna La concentración de carbono hallada por los científicos no puede explicarse con las dos principales aportaciones externas conocidas: el viento solar y los micro meteoritos. Juntas, ambas fuentes de carbono exterior proporcionan una cantidad muy inferior a la detectada.
Además, las concentraciones varían, de forma que las llanuras volcánicas basálticas y de reciente formación emiten más iones de carbono que las colinas, más antiguas. Y eso sugiere que ese carbono no vino de fuera, sino que estaba en la propia Luna desde el principio.
Lo cual nos lleva de nuevo al impacto. De haberse producido, el calor, entre 3.500 y 5.500 grados, habría eliminado todo el carbono, junto con los demás volátiles, de un solo golpe. Pero está claro que eso no pasó.
¿Qué sucedió entonces? Como mínimo, la temperatura generada por el impacto debió ser muy inferior a la que se creía. O quizá toda la idea del impacto tendrá que ser replanteada.
Fuente: José Manuel Nieves / ABC, ambientum
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