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¿Por qué quedan varadas algunas ballenas? – Nuestroclima
Muchas veces, vemos imágenes de cetáceos desamparados en la playa ¿Cuál es el motivo por el que terminan ahí?
Cada año y en todo el mundo, alrededor de 2000 cetáceos varan en diferentes playas. Este dato fue aportado por la Fundación Peces y vida salvaje de Florida «Fish & wildlife foundation of Florida «. En la mayoría de los casos, este escenario causa la muerte de los animales.
Por ello, repasamos las causas que pueden llevar a un cetáceo a quedar atrapado en la playa. Algunas de ellas pueden ser naturales, otras de origen humano que podrían ser evitables.
Causas naturales Entre los motivos por los que una ballena o delfín pueden terminar varados se encuentra, principalmente, su entorno. En los océanos existen corrientes con muchísima más fuerza de las que tienen lugar en la atmósfera. Cuando hay condiciones meteorológicas adversas, un cetáceo puede verse superado por su ambiente y ser así arrastrado hasta la playa. Además, si se encuentra en aguas poco profundas, es fácil que se desoriente y termine encallando. Cabe destacar que sucesos como como maremotos o erupciones volcánicas, pueden aumenta estos casos.
Entre las causas más comunes de varamiento se encuentran la salud del animal. Muchas veces, aquellos cetáceos que estén enfermos o heridos se acercan a la costa y terminan varando. Al tener afectada su salud, el animal se queda sin fuerza para regresar a alta mar, siendo así víctima de las corrientes.
También, sucede que cetáceos viejos pueden padecer senilidad, se desorientan y se adentran por error en aguas con poca profundidad. En otras ocasiones, cuando escapan de depredadores, llegan a las costas sin poder regresar al mar.
Causas humanas Existen ciertos comportamientos humanos que pueden llevar a estos animales a quedar atrapados en tierra firme.
Cuando hay muchas personas en las cosas o embarcaciones con motor dentro del agua, se genera gran contaminación acústica que puede desorientar a los cetáceos, provocando que se adentren en aguas poco profundas de las que ya no puedan salir.
Debemos tener en cuenta que bajo el agua los sonidos son mucho más intensos, por lo que pueden causar daños en los oídos de estos animales. Un cetáceo con problemas en sus oídos, tendrá dificultades de sumergirse con éxito, por lo que le costará alimentarse y se debilitará, dejándose llevar por las corrientes. Otro mal que causamos a la fauna marina, son los choques de las embarcaciones contra estos.
Además, la contaminación que producen los humanos en los mares afecta directamente a los animales. En los cuerpos de animales varados se han encontrado con frecuencia contaminantes químicos y microplásticos.
¿Qué hacer si encuentro un cetáceo varado? Si bien muchas veces la intención es buena, realizamos ciertas acciones que terminan afectando al cetáceo encontrado. Lo primero que hay que haces es comprobar si el animal sigue vivo y llamar a emergencias.
Si el animal ha muerto, lo mejor es no acercarse y dejar que las autoridades se encarguen de él, ya que podríamos contaminar las pruebas. Por otro lado, nunca se sabe qué enfermedades podría tener.
Si el animal está vivo hay que despejar el lugar para facilitar la actuación de los servicios de emergencia. Mientras llega el personal adecuando, podemos cubrir con cuidado la piel del animal con toallas húmedas para prevenir su insolación, sin tapar sus orificios respiratorios.
Evitemos tocarlo, es primordial tener muchísimo cuidado con sus aletas; ya que son muy sensibles.
En ningún caso debemos devolver el animal al agua. Debemos entender que un animal enfermo y debilitado volverá a varar aunque lo devuelvas.
Fuente: https://www.muyinteresante.es
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