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Un paso más para la exploración privada: ¡FRAM2 realiza la primera órbita polar! – Nuestroclima
El vuelo orbital de SpaceXse convierte en la primera misión espacial privada en sobrevolar ambos polos geográficos de la Tierra.
En un espectáculo que iluminó el cielo nocturno de Florida, SpaceX alcanzó un nuevo hito en la exploración espacial con el lanzamiento de la misión FRAM2. El cohete Falcon 9 despegó exitosamente desde el Centro Espacial Kennedy el lunes, llevando a bordo a cuatro civiles que se embarcaron en una misión histórica: realizar un sobrevuelo directo de los polos de la Tierra.
La misión, respaldada por la inversión del empresario Chun Wang, tiene como objetivo estudiar fenómenos atmosféricos en las regiones polares, llevar a cabo experimentos médicos en condiciones de microgravedad y desarrollar tecnologías agrícolas que puedan ser útiles para misiones espaciales de largo plazo.
Este primer intento de alcanzar una órbita polar, con una inclinación de 90 grados respecto al ecuador, supone un reto técnico considerable, ya que requiere un mayor consumo de combustible y una planificación extremadamente detallada.
Un equipo diverso en una misión pionera El lanzamiento de FRAM2 estaba programado para el lunes 31 de marzo de 2025, a las 21:46 hora del este de EE.UU., desde el Centro Espacial Kennedy. Para garantizar la flexibilidad necesaria ante condiciones meteorológicas desfavorables, SpaceX estableció una ventana de lanzamiento de unas cuatro horas y media, con oportunidades adicionales a las 23:20, 00:53 y 02:26 (hora del este), extendiendo el lanzamiento hasta el martes 1 de abril si fuera necesario.
El equipo que lidera la misión FRAM2 es bastante variado en términos de experiencia: Chun Wang, un empresario de criptomonedas que también funge como comandante de la misión; Jannicke Mikkelsen, una directora de cine noruega especializada en tecnologías extremas; Eric Philips, un aventurero australiano con una vasta experiencia en expediciones polares; y Rabea Rogge, una investigadora alemana experta en robótica. Ninguno de ellos es astronauta profesional, lo que subraya el enfoque innovador de este proyecto.
A lo largo de la misión, la tripulación llevará a cabo 22 experimentos científicos diseñados para ampliar nuestro entendimiento sobre la salud humana en el espacio y la sostenibilidad de los viajes espaciales. Uno de los experimentos más notables será el intento de realizar la primera radiografía en el espacio, un avance crucial para el diagnóstico médico en misiones de larga duración.
Además, se estudiarán temas como la regulación de la glucosa y los efectos del ejercicio en microgravedad, con el fin de contrarrestar la pérdida muscular y ósea que enfrentan los astronautas en el espacio. También se experimentará con el cultivo de setas ostras en microgravedad, lo que podría garantizar el suministro de alimentos frescos durante misiones espaciales prolongadas, una necesidad clave para futuras exploraciones en Marte.
Un desafío técnico sin igual El lanzamiento de FRAM2 fue un proceso complejo que incluyó una serie de procedimientos meticulosos, desde la carga de combustible RP-1 y oxígeno líquido hasta la separación de las etapas del cohete y el exitoso aterrizaje controlado de la primera etapa en la plataforma autónoma «A Shortfall of Gravitas», ubicada en el océano Atlántico. Además, la misión se centrará en el estudio de fenómenos como las auroras y el fenómeno STEVE, un tipo de emisión luminosa en forma de cintas de plasma.
El futuro de la exploración espacial privada La misión FRAM2 representa un avance significativo respecto a misiones privadas anteriores como Inspiration4 y Polaris Dawn, llevando a civiles a explorar fronteras espaciales que antes solo eran accesibles para astronautas profesionales. Con un enfoque fuerte en la ciencia y la autosuficiencia, FRAM2 abre el camino para futuras misiones a Marte y el establecimiento de colonias humanas en el espacio profundo.
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