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Ayudar a las abejas convirtiendo lotes baldíos en espacios verdes – Nuestroclima
En las áreas rurales, cultivar tan sólo un 10% de la superficie con praderas floridas genera un importante impacto ecológico a favor de la biodiversidad, en la ciudad también se pueden aprovechar espacios para favorecer a las abejas.
Reemplazar parte del césped de los parques por praderas con flores u otros nodos de biodiversidad, introducir especies nativas y adaptadas, valorar algunos de nuestros «yuyos», evitar el uso de agroquímicos o sembrar los baldíos con praderas de flores y/o gramíneas adaptadas o nativas
La transformación de lotes urbanos baldíos en espacios verdes puede mejorar los vecindarios y reducir el deterioro, y una nueva investigación muestra que ciertos tipos de esfuerzos de recuperación postindustrial ofrecen la ventaja adicional de beneficiar a las abejas.
Estos animales son importantes para la polinización y el control de plagas de insectos, dos servicios ecosistémicos que benefician tanto a las tierras agrícolas rurales como a la creciente actividad agrícola urbana.?
La optimización de las condiciones de vida de las abejas en la ciudad también podría ayudar a contrarrestar las amenazas a su diversidad y supervivencia. Las poblaciones de abejas se ven amenazadas por una variedad de factores estresantes (pérdida de hábitat, cambio climático, pesticidas y especies invasoras) que “son problemas enormes que no desaparecerán pronto”.
Tener espacios verdes en áreas urbanas puede levantar el ánimo de las personas, mejorar su salud y mejorar su calidad de vida. Tales parcelas de vegetación también benefician a otras criaturas, entre ellas abejas y otros polinizadores.
Al convertir lotes baldíos en espacios verdes, podemos crear pequeñas islas de biodiversidad dentro de las ciudades que pueden ayudar a los insectos asediados como las abejas que están cada vez más amenazados en sus hábitats naturales, según un equipo de investigadores de la Universidad Estatal de Ohio en los Estados Unidos.
Los investigadores encontraron que pequeñas parcelas experimentales en medio de espacios verdes conectados que albergan plantas nativas con flores “crearon las condiciones más propicias para la conservación de abejas nativas y avispas depredadoras”.
Como la mayoría de las ciudades tienen muchos lotes baldíos, convertirlos podría tener un beneficio real para la biodiversidad y la conservación de insectos como las abejas, que han atravesado tiempos difíciles en gran parte del planeta como resultado de la fragmentación del hábitat y el uso desenfrenado de pesticidas en áreas agrícolas.
Los científicos evaluaron varias estrategias de “ecologización” que podrían apoyar las relaciones simbióticas entre plantas e insectos dentro de las áreas urbanas con el fin de impulsar la biodiversidad. Los lotes experimentales que examinaron incluyeron un denso césped sin cortar, un césped con varios pastos en flor, un área tipo pradera con pastos nativos altos y un lote tipo pradera con una mezcla de hierbas y plantas nativas en flor.
Espacios verdes, no es sólo césped Los investigadores encontraron que el césped que se usa ampliamente para áreas verdes en las ciudades puede sustentar algunas poblaciones de insectos. Sin embargo, los beneficios de estos palidecen frente a otros tipos de espacios verdes que son más hospitalarios para los polinizadores debido a la presencia de plantas nativas con flores.
“Incluso en el medio de la ciudad, las abejas estaban usando estos pequeños parches de hábitat”, dijo Mary Gardiner, profesora de entomología en la Universidad Estatal de Ohio, quien fue un miembro clave del equipo de investigación. “Esta es una de las primeras veces que un artículo ha demostrado que las abejas nativas respondieron con un beneficio reproductivo del establecimiento de plantaciones nativas dentro de una ciudad”.
Investigaciones anteriores han demostrado que tener una diversidad de varias plantas con flores en un área es importante para polinizadores como abejas y abejorros. Mientras tanto, la nueva investigación ha demostrado que las ciudades ecológicas de formas específicas pueden ayudar a reintroducir polinizadores como abejas y avispas en áreas urbanas para ayudar a crear o mantener la biodiversidad local.
“Este trabajo ha demostrado que una cierta proporción de la comunidad de abejas y avispas responderá a parches más grandes de espacios verdes que se reinstituyan en el paisaje, incluso si no son el hábitat natural que existía antes del desarrollo”, dijo Gardiner. “Y creo que eso es realmente emocionante”.
Vía: https://www.ecoportal.net/
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