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Estudio Nature: Cada año se vierten más de 52 millones de toneladas de plásticos al medioambiente – Nuestroclima
La investigación indica que India lidera la lista de países con mayores cantidades de residuos abandonados, seguida de cerca por Nigeria e Indonesia.
Cada año, alrededor de 52 millones de toneladas de productos plásticos se liberan en el medioambiente, una cantidad suficiente para rodear el planeta más de 1.500 veces si se colocaran en línea, según un estudio reciente publicado en la revista Nature . Esta investigación, liderada por la Universidad de Leeds (Reino Unido), ha empleado inteligencia artificial para mapear la gestión de residuos en 50.702 ciudades globales y evaluar la generación y manejo de estos desechos.
El estudio revela que las principales fuentes de contaminación plástica son la basura que no se recoge y la quema incontrolada de estos residuos, una práctica que representa un grave riesgo para la salud humana. Más de dos tercios de la contaminación plástica mundial proviene de desechos no recolectados, afectando a casi 1.200 millones de personas, aproximadamente el 15 % de la población global, que carece de servicios de recolección de residuos.
Además, el análisis muestra que en 2020 se quemaron de manera incontrolada cerca de 30 millones de toneladas de plásticos, lo que representa el 57 % de toda la contaminación plástica en hogares, calles y vertederos. En términos geográficos, la investigación identifica a India como el mayor generador de plásticos en el medioambiente, superando a China, que ocupaba anteriormente el primer lugar, seguida por Nigeria e Indonesia.
Los investigadores señalan que la recolección de basura debería considerarse un servicio esencial, similar a los de agua y alcantarillado, y destacan que la quema descontrolada de plásticos, a menudo ignorada en el pasado, es tan problemática como el vertido directo de residuos. Cada año se producen más de 400 millones de toneladas de plástico, muchos de los cuales son de un solo uso o difíciles de reciclar, y pueden persistir en el medioambiente durante décadas o incluso siglos, con aditivos químicos potencialmente dañinos, especialmente cuando se queman al aire libre.
De acuerdo con los datos globales estimados en el estudio para 2020, India lidera con 9,3 millones de toneladas de plástico vertido, aproximadamente una quinta parte del total, seguida por Nigeria con 3,5 millones de toneladas e Indonesia con 3,4 millones. China, anteriormente el mayor contaminante, ahora ocupa el cuarto lugar con 2,8 millones de toneladas, gracias a las mejoras en la recolección y tratamiento de residuos, mientras que el Reino Unido se encuentra en el puesto 135 con alrededor de 4.000 toneladas anuales.
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