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«Paredones de arena y polvo» – Nuestroclima
Una tormenta de arena, referida también como tormenta de polvo, es un fenómeno que se produce cuando vientos de suficiente intensidad soplan sobre arena suelta en una superficie seca.
La tormentas de arena y polvo constituyen peligros meteorológicos comunes en las regiones áridas y semiáridas . En general, están causadas por tormentas —o fuertes gradientes de presión asociados a ciclones— que incrementan la velocidad del viento en una amplia zona.
Las tormentas de arena ocurren en regiones áridas que están cubiertas en su mayoría por arena. Las plantas y las raíces de éstas ayudan a la arena a permanecer en su lugar, así que las áreas con grandes cantidades de flora no se verán afectadas por las tormentas de arena.
Cuando fuertes vientos azotan áreas secas y arenosas, se levantan granos de arena. Estos granos se elevan y caen repetidamente, y se rompen en partículas cada vez más pequeñas. Estas pequeñas partículas se mueven con el aire y recorren grandes distancias.
Las partículas de arena entonces son transportadas en la dirección del viento, ya sea por suspensión, o sea flotando o «saltación» (un término geológico que en palabras sencillas es el equivalente a que las partículas vayan dando verdaderos saltos depositándose nuevamente en el suelo, válido para las partículas más pesadas).
Lo que ocurre, de manera más precisa es que primero las partículas comienzan a vibrar, lo que las suelta del terreno y les permite dar esos «saltos» que te mencioné, para de esta manera ir soltando más el terreno y entonces se van liberando partículas más finas que se suspenden y así se va armando el asunto.
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Un equipo de investigadores del Instituto de Astrofísica