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Misteriosos espirales de hielo en Marte – Nuestroclima
Investigaciones han respondido a un interrogante que ha sido un misterio durante décadas: el origen y la forma del sistema de cañones de hielo en el casquete polar ártico de Marte.
Esta investigación apunta a buscar pistas en una de las estructuras más grandes del sistema solar. Esta investigación ayudará a comprender mejor los principales cambios ambientales que ha sufrido el Planeta Rojo a lo largo de su historia. La investigación fue dirigida por el American Planetary Science Institute (PSI), y también participaron en la investigación investigadores de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Purdue University y University of Arizona.
La investigación, cuyos resultados se publican en la revista Nature Scientific Reports, explica el origen del sistema de cañones espirales excavado en el hielo del polo norte de Marte.
Estos cañones espirales ya habían sido estudiados por numerosos científicos que relacionaban su distribución con procesos de sublimación, por los que el hielo pasaría directamente del estado sólido a gaseoso. Pero el origen de los cañones y de la forma espiral que configuran ha sido un misterio durante décadas.
“Nuestra investigación sugiere que los cañones se formaron por pérdidas de hielo por la acción de los vientos catabáticos, que descienden desde alturas elevadas, que expusieron hielos antiguos en la superficie polar”, explica Ali M. Bramson, investigadora de la Universidad Purdue.
Modelo digital de elevaciones en el que se muestra un sector del este del sistema de cañones. (Imagen: MOLA Science Team, MSS, JPL, NASA)
“El descubrimiento implica que los cañones son una de las mayores megaestructuras en el sistema solar, con un volumen total excavado del orden de 10 veces el Cañón del Colorado”, señala José Alexis Palmero Rodríguez, investigador del PSI que ha liderado el estudio. “La emergencia del patrón espiral fue debido a intersecciones de los cañones, según crecían, sobre la geometría en forma de domo del casquete polar”.
Esta enorme cantidad de hielo excavada habría sido transportada por los vientos y depositada en forma de mantos a latitudes medias, e incluso conservados en glaciares de montaña a latitudes más bajas. “Los cañones se formaron entre algunos millones de años y 50.000 años, durante periodos de tiempo en los que Marte ha permanecido continuamente en condiciones de congelación. Por lo tanto, este hielo se habría formado por sublimación inversa, sin llegar a ser líquido. Esto hace que este hielo no sea candidato a albergar posibles indicios de vida. Pero por el mismo motivo sí puede ser considerado como un posible recurso de agua “pura”, a disposición de futuras misiones de colonización a Marte. Teniendo en cuenta que se estima una masa de hielo equivalente al doble del volumen del Mar Báltico, la disponibilidad de dicho recurso podría estar garantizada durante largo tiempo en el planeta”, explica Mario Zarroca, investigador del Departamento de Geología de la UAB y coautor del estudio.
“Una de las principales implicaciones de esta investigación es que estos cañones han podido dejar expuesto en las paredes excavadas en el hielo un registro paleo-climático que podría cubrir algunos cientos de millones de años”, destaca Zarroca. Este registro podría ayudar a entender mejor los grandes cambios que han sufrido las condiciones de Marte a lo largo de su historia, como son la evolución de su atmósfera e hidrosfera.
Para tener una mayor perspectiva, los registros en hielo más antiguos de la Tierra no superan los 3 millones de años. “Disponer de un registro de algunos cientos de millones de años, aquí, habría permitido investigar el hielo de la época en que los dinosaurios todavía poblaban la Tierra, lo que podría ayudar a despejar las incógnitas que rodean la mega-extinción que tuvo lugar hace unos 66 millones de años”, señala José Alexis Palmero Rodríguez. Un registro tan amplio como el que habría quedado expuesto en el casquete polar de Marte ofrece una gran oportunidad para avanzar en el conocimiento de la evolución de este planeta, que presenta grandes similitudes con el nuestro, concluyen los investigadores.
Vía: https://noticiasdelaciencia.com/
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