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Obtienen proteínas desde el volcán más grandes del mundo – Nuestroclima
La ciencia continúa asombrando al mundo, en este caso, rescatando sustancias alimenticias en torno al complejo volcánico del Parque Nacional Yellowstone.
Se calcula que la caldera de Yellowstone se formó hace unos 640.000 años y que tiene unas medidas de 55 por 72 kilómetros. Desde el año 1923, los geólogos vigilan el volcán y han determinado que desde entonces su meseta ha caído 1,5 centímetros de media por año , lo que indica que existe un cambio en la presión de la cámara magmática . Sin embargo, los expertos creen que el principal riesgo no se encuentra ahí, sino en la actividad hidrotermal que hay bajo la zona. De hecho, la mitad de los géiseres activos del planeta se encuentran en Yellowstone , entre los que destaca Old Faithful, que es capaz de liberar 32.000 litros de agua hirviendo en cada erupción.
Ahora la ciencia está más que empecinada en seguir obteniendo datos y muestras de las inmediaciones de esta gran caldera. Parece ser que una empresa con sede en Chicago está desarrollando productos alimenticios innovadores que comenzaron originalmente como parte de una investigación dirigida por la NASA.
En 2009, Mark Kozubal, un investigador de la NASA, hizo referencia a los microbios como algo que estaba apareciendo en las aguas ácidas del Parque Nacional Yellowstone. Fueron llevados inmediatamente al laboratorio para su posterior análisis. Desde entonces, Kozubal ha liderado un equipo de investigadores para estudiar el ambiente extremo en busca de vida, algo que podría ser invaluable para misiones espaciales .
Inicialmente, Kozubal pensó que estos organismos, capaces de vivir en ambientes con condiciones físico-geoquímicas extremas para la mayoría del resto de seres vivos del planeta Tierra (extremófilos), podrían convertirse en una fuente de biodiesel .
Sin embargo, como el gas era tan barato en los Estados Unidos de América (EE.UU.) en aquella época, era muy difícil incorporarlo a la competencia. Como este microorganismo pertenecía a la familia de los hongos, el ex presidente de la empresa de envasado, Thomas Jonas, propuso convertir los microbios en alimento .
En mayo de 2018 se fundó en Chicago la empresa de alimentos Nature’s Fynd, utilizando el hongo Fusarium str. Yellowstonensis (Fy) como elemento diferenciador para la producción de alimentos. Los investigadores de la NASA tardaron 18 meses en lograr crear algo que se pareciera a la comida.
Los investigadores aplicaron una célula de hongo colocada en agua y la alimentaron con azúcar para ayudarla a crecer y multiplicarse. El proceso se impulsó mediante un reactor biológico y, una vez finalizado, los microbios se colocaron con agua, sales y azúcares. El ambiente ácido después de la cocción ayudó a que Fy creciera mientras mantenía a raya a otras bacterias.
En sólo tres días, los microbios fueron la base para la producción de proteína completa, con nueve aminoácidos esenciales necesarios para el cuerpo humano (equivalente, en valor proteico, a 25 pollos).
Ahora se sabe que esta proteína puede, de hecho, transformarse en hamburguesas y sustituir la carne, proteínas en polvo o sustitutos lácteos, dependiendo de cómo se trate. Los primeros productos se lanzaron en febrero de 2021 y la primera fábrica en la primavera del mismo año. En enero de 2024, la empresa lanzó a nivel internacional el primer yogur a base de hongos , utilizando Fy.
La caldera de Yellowstone tiene una dimensión de 70×45 kilómetrosDavid Mencin Con información de: https://noticiasambientales.com/
Fotografía de portada de la nota: Wyoming – Parque de Yellowstone: Gran Géiser Prismático, Estados © Unidos Yann Arthus-Bertrand
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