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América del Sur: El humo de los incendios forestales llena los cielos – Nuestroclima
El fuego no paró y ardieron en países sudamericanos cubriendo grandes franjas de humo sobre el continente durante agosto y principios de septiembre.
En Brasil y Bolivia, la actividad de incendios ha alcanzado cifras no observadas desde 2010, exacerbada por una sequía prolongada que está deshidratando los paisajes en ambos países.
Desde una distancia de alrededor de 1,6 millones de kilómetros de nuestro planeta, el sensor EPIC (Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera) de la NASA, ubicado en el satélite DSCOVR (Deep Space Climate Observatory), capturó una imagen del humo emanando de los incendios el 3 de septiembre de 2024.
Incendios sin precedentes
A mediados de agosto y principios de septiembre, el humo de los incendios en Brasil afectó gravemente a la capital del país. Durante varios días, el aire en São Paulo se vio contaminado por el smog, alcanzando niveles insalubres para las personas más vulnerables, según AirNow. Este humo llevó a la suspensión de vuelos y al cierre de escuelas en la ciudad más grande de Brasil, informó The Guardian.
El Servicio de Monitoreo Atmosférico de Copérnico (CAMS), parte del programa espacial de la Unión Europea, ha reportado que las emisiones de los incendios en Bolivia, así como en los estados brasileños de Amazonas y Mato Grosso do Sul, han alcanzado niveles excepcionalmente altos.
CAMS utiliza su Sistema Global de Asimilación de Incendios (GFAS) para calcular las emisiones de los incendios forestales en casi tiempo real, integrando datos de los sensores MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) en los satélites Aqua y Terra de la NASA. Comparado con los últimos 21 años, estas regiones han registrado sus emisiones más elevadas del año hasta ahora, con 44, 22 y 13 millones de toneladas métricas de carbono, respectivamente.
El Pantanal, una de las áreas de humedales tropicales más extensas del mundo, ubicada a lo largo de la frontera entre Brasil y Bolivia, ha sufrido especialmente en 2024. Los incendios intensos que comenzaron a fines de mayo se han prolongado hasta agosto. De acuerdo con el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (INPE) de Brasil, junio de 2024 marcó un récord en detecciones de incendios en el bioma, y el fuego ha persistido a altos niveles desde entonces. La imagen en falso color proporcionada por el OLI (Operational Land Imager) en Landsat 8 muestra incendios cerca de Ascensión de Guarayos, en el estado boliviano de Santa Cruz. Las áreas quemadas aparecen en marrón, mientras que la vegetación intacta es verde. Las bandas infrarrojas permiten visualizar áreas calientes asociadas con incendios activos, que se destacan en naranja.
Hasta el 6 de septiembre, los incendios habían devastado más de 10 millones de hectáreas en Bolivia, lo que representa alrededor del 9% del territorio del país. De las 42 millones de toneladas métricas de carbono emitidas en Bolivia entre mayo y agosto, 33 millones provienen de los incendios en el estado de Santa Cruz, según Mark Parrington, científico principal de CAMS en el Centro Europeo de Previsiones Meteorológicas a Plazo Medio (ECMWF).
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