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Las nubes noctilucentes dan un espectáculo en lo más alto de la Tierra – Nuestroclima
Estas son las nubes noctilucentes -técnicamente denominadas nubes mesosféricas polares-, que deben su nombre a que brillan por la noche y que se dan muy al norte o al sur.
Las nubes comunes están hechas de cristales de agua conjuntadas con el polvo del aire. Las nubes noctilucentes , se forman al borde del espacio en la capa atmosférica llamada mesosfera . Cuando un meteorito golpea la atmósfera deja atrás una estela de polvo a una distancia de 100 km sobre la tierra, donde la presión del aire es casi vacía. El vapor de agua se adhiere al polvo dejado por el meteorito.
El color azul blanquizco, eléctrico, de las nubes noctilucentes , es causado por vapor de agua congelado que se adhiere al polvo de meteorito formando pequeños cristales.
Las primeras nubes noctilucentes fueron detectadas dentro del Círculo Polar Ártico el 25 de mayo de 2024 por el satélite NOAA 21. Desde entonces, las nubes se han extendido y ahora los observadores también pueden verlas desde el suelo terrestre.
¿Qué son las nubes noctilucentes? Las nubes noctilucentes o mesosféricas polares son fenómenos en forma de nubes brillantes . Se producen en las capas más altas de la atmósfera y son visibles al final del crepúsculo. Están compuestas de cristales de hielo . Normalmente se ven en los meses de verano en latitudes entre los 50° y 70° al norte y sur del ecuador.
Son las nubes más altas en la atmósfera terrestre , localizadas en la mesosfera a una altitud aproximada entre los 75 y 85 kilómetros . Normalmente son demasiado débiles para ser vistas, y sólo se aprecian cuando la luz del Sol las ilumina desde debajo del horizonte mientras que las capas más bajas de la atmósfera están en la sombra de la Tierra.
Sembradas por meteoritos , flotan en el borde del espacio a unos 83 kilómetros de altura. Las NLC se forman cuando, durante el verano, volutas de vapor de agua se elevan hasta la mesosfera, permitiendo que el agua cristalice alrededor de motas de humo de meteoritos . En los últimos años se han extendido hasta el sur de Los Ángeles y Las Vegas, estableciendo récords de avistamientos en latitudes bajas. En España se han visto tan al sur como en Sevilla.
La actividad solar no es buena para las nubes noctilucentes . Las erupciones solares, las manchas solares y, en general, los altos niveles de radiación ultravioleta solar conspiran para calentar la atmósfera superior de la Tierra, impidiendo el crecimiento de delicados cristales de hielo en el corazón de las NLC. En mayo de 2024 se produjo el mayor estallido de actividad solar en décadas, por lo que quizás no sea de extrañar que las nubes no escaparan del Ártico hasta junio .
Según informa Spaceweather.com , para investigar esta idea, Lynn Harvey , del Laboratorio de Física Atmosférica y Espacial de la Universidad de Colorado, trazó datos de temperatura del Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) de la NASA, que puede detectar condiciones a 83 km de altura donde se forman las NLC.
Con información de: https://www.tiempo.com/
Imagen de portada de la nota: Getty Imagen
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