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Un gran «bombazo solar» se ha producido. ¿De qué manera afectará a la Tierra? – Nuestroclima
Los científicos advierten que la fuente de esta explosión girará para quedar frente a nuestro planeta dentro de una semana o diez días aproximadamente, por lo que hay que prestar atención.
El segundo motivo es que el Sol es un modelo de estrella. Es el único astro que tenemos más cerca, es el que podemos estudiar con detalle para entender cómo funcionan las demás, incluidas las que están muy lejos y que no podemos conocer con tanto grado de detalle. La última razón es meramente práctica: el Sol es nuestra fuente de energía y de vida, por lo que es importante conocer qué procesos tienen lugar en su interior. Por ejemplo, sabemos que un cuerpo celeste muy dinámico que cambia rápidamente en cuestión de horas. Cuando los campos magnéticos interactúan entre sí liberan grandes cantidades de energía, lo que puede acabar afectándonos.
Según informa Spaceweather.com , Solar Orbiter se encontraba sobre el lado oculto del Sol cuando se produjo la explosión el 23 de julio de 2024, en una posición perfecta para observar una llamarada que de otro modo sería invisible desde la Tierra.
Una llamarada solar, CME, es una explosión en el Sol que se produce cuando la energía almacenada en campos magnéticos retorcidos (normalmente encima de las manchas solares) se libera de repente . Las llamaradas producen una explosión de radiación en todo el espectro electromagnético , desde ondas de radio hasta rayos X y rayos gamma.
Los científicos clasifican las erupciones solares según su brillo en rayos X en el rango de longitud de onda de 1 a 8 Angstroms. Hay tres categorías:
– Las erupciones de clase X son grandes ; son eventos importantes que pueden provocar apagones de radio a nivel planetario y tormentas de radiación duraderas .
– Las erupciones de clase M son de tamaño mediano ; pueden causar apagones de radio breves que afectan las regiones polares de la Tierra. A veces, después de una erupción de clase M se producen tormentas de radiación menores.
– Las erupciones de clase C son pequeñas y tienen pocas consecuencias perceptibles aquí en la Tierra.
La erupción solar de clase X14 del 23 de julio de 2024 «Según la clase estimada del GOES, fue la llamarada más grande hasta ahora «, dice Samuel Krucker de la UC Berkeley. Krucker es el investigador principal de STIX , un telescopio de rayos X en SolO que puede detectar erupciones solares y clasificarlas en la misma escala que los satélites GOES de la NOAA. «Otras erupciones grandes que hemos detectado son las del 20 de mayo de 2024 (X12) y el 17 de julio de 2023 (X10). Todas ellas provienen de la parte posterior del sol «.
Un modelo de la NASA de la CME predijó que chocaría directamente con SolO el 24 de julio de 2024.
Mientras tanto, en el lado terrestre del Sol, la llamarada más grande hasta ahora registrada X8.9 el 14 de mayo de 2024. SolO ha detectado al menos tres explosiones más grandes en el lado lejano , lo que significa que nuestro planeta ha estado esquivando muchas «balas» solares .
La llamarada del lado lejano X14 fue, en efecto, un acontecimiento de gran importancia . Lanzó una eyección de masa coronal al espacio, que se muestra aquí en una secuencia coronográfica del Observatorio Solar y Heliosférico (SOHO):
Con información de: https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/ https://www.tiempo.com/
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