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¿Por qué mutan de color las mariposas? – Nuestroclima
Científicos del Instituto de Biología Evolutiva (IBE-CSIC-UPF) han descubierto el mecanismo por el que una especie de mariposa ha cambiado de color, de azul a marrón, para distinguirse de otras especies de mariposas en los lugares donde comparten hábitat.
Mediante técnicas de análisis genómico, el equipo ha descubierto que los machos de una mariposa ibérica, la ‘Cupido lorquinii’ , han cambiado de color, del azul al marrón, para distinguirse de otra especie azul, y que las hembras han desarrollado la capacidad de identificar y elegir a los machos marrones como propios de la especie para reproducirse exitosamente.
El mecanismo identificado podría ser clave para entender cómo surgen los colores y cómo se generan nuevas especies en toda la subfamilia de mariposas Polyommatinae , llamadas blavetas, que suman un centenar de entre las 500 especies europeas.
Por otra parte, según el científico, las mariposas tienen sus propios códigos de comunicación y muchas veces también utilizan el color para identificarse entre ellas. “Cuando en un mismo lugar coinciden dos especies de mariposas muy similares, ocasionalmente éstas pueden hibridar, pero en general la descendencia no será fértil. Por lo tanto, los individuos que acaban sobreviviendo y perpetuando la especie son aquellos capaces de identificar a sus iguales” , ha detallado.
Esta necesidad de identificarse puede tener un impacto en ciertos caracteres de los machos que ayuden a las hembras a identificar su propia especie. Ahora, esta investigación ha descubierto que los machos de la especie ibérica Cupido lorquinii han cambiado el color de sus alas del azul al marrón para que las hembras de su especie las distingan en los lugares donde cohabitan con otra especie azul.
Mecanismo para la generación de colores El estudio apunta que la presión selectiva derivada de la interacción de dos especies que pueden hibridar es un mecanismo de generación de colores y, eventualmente, de nuevas especies de mariposas.
Hasta ahora, estas poblaciones marrones de la mariposa se consideraban una especie diferente, llamada Cupido Carswell , aunque algunos autores lo habían considerada una subespecie de una tercera especie, Cupido minimus (también con el macho de color marrón). Para aclarar la situación, el equipo de investigación liderado por Roger Vila analizó el genoma mitocondrial y nuclear de las diferentes mariposas.
Respuesta al ambiente “Contrariamente a lo que esperábamos encontrar, el análisis genómico ha dado un resultado esclarecedor: se trata de una sola especie de mariposa que ha cambiado el color de las alas del azul al marrón en respuesta al ambiente” , ha comentado el investigador del IBE Juan Carlos Hinojosa.
El estudio también ha demostrado por primera vez que existen algunos machos marrones en las poblaciones azules, aunque son muy raros, y que aparentemente tuvieron un gran éxito reproductivo al encontrarse con la otra especie azul, por el simple hecho de ser muy diferentes.
Diversidad de colores de las mariposas “El resultado nos da una buena lección de cómo funciona la evolución y nos puede hacer reflexionar sobre la discriminación: el que consideramos diferente, raro o incluso defectuoso (como una mariposa que ha perdido el brillo azul) puede ser inesperadamente exitoso y salvar la especie en un entorno diferente” , ha destacado Vila.
El mecanismo descubierto podría explicar la gran variedad de colores presente en todas las mariposas de la subfamilia Polyommatinae , las blavetas. “Creemos que esto puede haber pasado en otras especies y explicaría en parte la diversidad de colores de las mariposas” , ha concluido Vila.
Fuente: EFE VERDE, Ambientum
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1 Comments
Pepe
Excelente articulo, me gustan mucho las mariposas, mas esas africanas que son gigantes.