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¿Qué es una aurora boreal? ¿Por qué se produce? – Nuestroclima
La tecnología nos permite conocer el comportamiento del Sol, cuando mayor actividad de viento solar se anuncia (hasta 3 días antes), es cuando mayores chances de auroras en regiones polares.
Las auroras o luces del norte, son un fenómeno natural que produce uno de los mayores espectáculos que nuestro planeta nos puede brindar. La aurora se produce en el cielo nocturno formando estructuras de colores luminiscentes muy diversos que atraviesan la gama de los amarillos, verdes y morados.
La bóveda celeste se cubre de colores etéreos en movimiento para dar paso a un espectáculo visual que hechiza a cualquiera, las auroras son la prueba fehaciente de que nuestro planeta está vivo. Quizá el término aurora boreal resuena en lo colectivo pero, qué es, de qué se trata este hermoso fenómeno y cómo es que se produce.
¿Qué es una aurora boreal? Comúnmente se les conoce como auroras boreales, no obstante el nombre general vendría siendo aurora polar. Estos fenómenos de luminiscencia en el cielo se presentan en los polos geográficos de la Tierra, dependiendo de su localización, recibirá un nombre distinto. ¿Entonces qué es una aurora boreal? En el hemisferio norte se les llama auroras boreales, mientras que en el hemisferio sur reciben el nombre de aurora austral.
En una noche fría, las auroras pueden aparecer en el cielo como un arco aislado, no obstante conforme avanzan las horas, las figuras comienzan a extenderse a través del horizonte e inundan la totalidad del cielo, con sus formas rizadas, de rayo alargado o líneas rectas.
¿Cómo se producen las auroras? Si de por sí el fenómeno ya resulta embelesador, el origen de las auroras lo es todavía más. En un acto de protección, el campo magnético de la Tierra alza su escudo para protegernos de los vientos solares. Cuando las partículas cargadas provenientes del Sol se encuentran con la magnetósfera, esta las transporta hasta los polos como si de un imán se tratase.
Una vez que se encuentran almacenadas en los polos, estas partículas entran en contacto con las capas superiores de la atmósfera de la Tierra y el choque con las moléculas de oxígeno y nitrógeno, genera la excitación de los átomos. En otras palabras, las luces que se alzan en el firmamento son el reflejo de la interacción de las partículas solares con el campo magnético y los gases presentes en la atmósfera. Juntos confabulan para regalarnos un conspicuo espectáculo. Todo este fenómeno se produce ahí arriba de nuestras cabezas a unos 100 kilómetros de la superficie terrestre.
¿Cuándo y dónde? Los lugares más idóneos para observar las auroras boreales, como es de esperarse, se ubican cerca de la franja del Polo Norte. Países como Canadá, Alaska, Islandia, Groenlandia, Noruega y Finlandia son los destinos preferidos de aquellos amantes de las luces del norte.
En su contraparte antípoda, las auroras australes se pueden observar en países cercanos al Polo Sur. Chile, Argentina, Nueva Zelanda y Australia son los países afortunados donde las luces del sur inundan los cielos para dar vida a las auroras.
La temporada más certera para observarlas es en invierno, desde diciembre hasta marzo en el caso del hemisferio norte y de junio a septiembre en el hemisferio sur. Aunque como todo aquello en la naturaleza, las auroras varían en tiempo y no hay una respuesta exacta de días para visualizarlas. Afortunadamente la tecnología nos permite conocer el comportamiento del Sol, cuando mayor actividad de viento solar se anuncia (hasta 3 días antes), es cuando mayores luces se producen en el firmamento.
¿Son todas las auroras de color verde? La respuesta es que no. Los colores se producen por la interacción de las partículas del viento solar con los átomos y moléculas presentes en nuestra atmósfera. El color verde se debe a la excitación del oxígeno, responsable también de los tonos amarillentos. El nitrógeno produce la luz azulada y en ciertas ocasiones los púrpuras y rojizos que rodean los bordes más bajos de las auroras y de las zonas más curvadas.
Vía: https://ecoosfera.com/
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