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Tormentas eléctricas. Galería de fotos – Nuestroclima
Los rayos son descargas eléctricas causadas por desbalances entre las nubes y el suelo o con la propia nube, ocurriendo en el primer caso descargas hacia el suelo y en el segundo descargas dentro de la nube siendo este el caso más común.
Todos los tipos de tormentas eléctricas (rayos y relámpagos) provienen principalmente de nubes llamadas Cumulonimbus que se caracterizan por tener una forma parecida a un yunque. Estas nubes se forman por una alta humedad en el ambiente, en presencia de una masa de aire caliente inestable que en presencia de una alta energía sube rápidamente. Este ascenso es provocado por el enfrentamiento de dos frentes, uno cálido y uno frío, haciendo que el frío, por su mayor densidad y peso, pase por abajo del cálido y lo obligue a subir.
Una vez conectados (suelo y nube) la carga negativa viaja hacia el suelo y se produce el rayo de luz visible, que va desde el suelo hacia la nube. Este rayo llega a velocidades de 300.000.000 kilómetros por hora.
Según explica la Aemet de Andalucía, las descargas eléctricas de ayer (tormentas) afectaron principalmente en Andalucía a Almería, Córdoba y Jaén. El código de colores permite identificar el intervalo de horas en las que produjeron. En Córdoba fueron más tempranas (verde) y las más tardías en Almería (rojo).
La otra imagen es del radar de Almería, que identifica zonas en las que su vertical hay gotas del tamaño precipitante.
No necesariamente las gotas llegan al suelo, en el caso de que esto ocurra en vez de lluvia se habla de virgas. Las razones para las tormentas, con lluvia o secas, en esta época del año es la inestabilidad de la atmósfera. Los sondeos identifican esta inestabilidad que ayer era muy acusada.
Vía: teinteresa
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