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Espectaculares imágenes de tornados en acción – Nuestroclima
Los tornados son embudos verticales de aire que giran muy deprisa. Sus vientos pueden alcanzar los 400 kilómetros por hora.
Nacen de las tormentas eléctricas y suelen ir acompañadas de granizo.
Estas tormentas violentas ocurren en todo el mundo, pero Estados Unidos es un punto importante con cerca de un millar de tornados al año. «Tornado Alley», una región que incluye el este de Dakota del Sur, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, el norte de Texas y el este de Colorado, es el sitio con las tormentas más destructivas y de mayor potente.
En EE.UU los tornados causan de media 80 muertos y más de 1.500 heridos al año.
Se forma un tornado cuando los cambios en la velocidad y dirección de una tormenta crean un efecto giratorio en horizontal. Este efecto crea entonces un cono vertical por la subida de aire en movimiento dentro de la tormenta.
os factores meteorológicos que fomentan los tornados condicionan que estos se produzcan con mayor probabilidad en ciertos momentos del día. Ocurren con mayor frecuencia en la tarde, cuando las tormentas son comunes, y en primavera o verano. Sin embargo, los tornados pueden formarse a cualquier hora del día y del año.
El inconfundible cono vertical de nubes es en realidad transparente. Se hace visible cuando extrae gotas de agua condensada de una tormenta de aire húmedo o polvo y escombros del suelo. Estos embudos crecen hasta alcanzar en general unos 200 metros de ancho.
Los tornados se mueven a velocidades de alrededor de 16 a 32 kilómetros por hora, a pesar de que han sido registradas ráfagas con velocidades de hasta 113 kilómetros por hora. Sin embargo, a pesar de esta violencia, la mayoría de tornados no llega muy lejos. Rara vez viajan más de diez kilómetros en su corta vida.
Los tornados son clasificados como tormentas débiles, fuertes o violentas. Los tornados violentos constituyen sólo un dos por ciento de todos los tornados, pero causan el 70 por ciento de todas las muertes de los tornados y puede durar una hora o más.
Gente, coches y hasta edificios enteros pueden ser lanzados al aire por la fuerza de los vientos del tornado. La mayoría de las lesiones y las muertes son causadas por escombros voladores.
Los meteorólogos expertos en tornados no pueden proporcionar el mismo tipo de advertencia que los observadores de huracanes, pero pueden hacer lo suficiente para salvar vidas. Hoy en día el tiempo de aviso de alerta por un tornado es de 13 minutos. Los tornados también se pueden identificar por algunas señales del cielo como por ejemplo si se cambia de repente en muy oscuro y de color verdoso, una granizada grande, y un rugido poderoso como el de una locomotora.
Vía:http://nationalgeographic.es/medio-ambienteFotografías: Clint Spencer, Brandon Goforth, Colt Forney, Tornado Titans, Marco Rango
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