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Tormentas de primavera- verano: 9 datos curiosos que tienes que conocer sobre los fenómenos – Nuestroclima
Seguramente alguna vez hayas vivido las fuertes tormentas de verano. Y es que durante determinadas épocas del año, las condiciones ambientales son más propensas a generar tormentas violentas.
Cuando el inicio de la primavera está a la vuelta de la esquina, las temperaturas comienzan a subir. Con ello, lo hace también la cantidad de aire que ascienden altitud. No olvidemos que la dinámica de la atmósfera funcionan de una forma determinada.
No son fáciles de pronosticar y no siempre son tan refrescantes como nos gustaría. Tienen su punto romántico y en el fondo tienen las mismas características que cualquier otra tormenta, pero su frecuencia y formación sí varía respecto a las tormentas invernale s.
Las tormentas de primavera- verano se producen debido a las altas temperaturas, que calientan el sol, el aire y el ambiente. El aire caliente, que es menos denso, se eleva y choca con una masa de aire frío que hace que se condense en gotas rápidamente, por el vapor de agua presente en la masa de aire. El contraste entre ambas capas provoca tormentas de una hora aproximadamente, de mucha intensidad.
“Un día hermoso de verano, mucho calor y el cielo apenas decorado de esponjosas nubes blancas. Y de repente, el sol se oculta tras una nube oscura y en apenas minutos, comienza a llover, con truenos y relámpagos”, relata el informe del SMN adelantando con la rapidez que se dan estas tormentas.
Necesitan 3 ingredientes fundamentale s. Como cualquier otro tipo de tormenta, el calor, la humedad y un forzante que las desencadene son los elementos clave. En general, en verano, el forzante que domina es el calentamiento del aire desde abajo. El suelo se calienta por radiación solar y este calor se transmite al aire pegado al suelo. Luego, este aire se vuelve menos denso -más liviano- y comienza a ascender, dando origen a lo que se conoce como corrientes térmicas o térmicas. Si a su vez, el aire caliente que asciende, es rico en humedad, comenzará a formar nubes de tipo cumuliformes.Las nubes que generan las tormentas son cumulonimbus. Generalmente, un cúmulo se convierte en cúmulonimbus, cuyo tope puede alcanzar los 15 km de altura. Esta enorme columna contiene gran cantidad de gotas de lluvia (por la mayor humedad que ingresa junto al aire cálido), granizo (que no siempre precipita a tierra) y actividad eléctrica.Son aisladas. Se trata de una única tormenta y no de un sistema organizado compuesto por varias de ellas. Esto se debe a que los forzantes que las generan –en este caso el calor del suelo- son muy localizados y puntuales. Nacen, crecen y rápidamente se disipan. Con la precipitación y el aire más frío que desciende dentro de ella, se enfría el aire y el suelo que le servía de alimento. Se forma la llamada “pileta de aire frío” y por lo tanto, ya no dispone de combustible para seguir retroalimentándose, y se disipa.Su ciclo de vida es de 30 minutos, máximo 1 hora. Todo el ciclo del punto anterior ocurre en cuestión de minutos. Suelen producirse después del mediodía, cuando se alcanzan las máximas temperaturas en primavera y verano, debido al fuerte calentamiento radiativo del suelo. No están asociadas a frentes fríos, ciclones u otro tipo de forzantes. Ocurren en escalas menores de espacio y tiempo, por lo cual son difíciles de pronosticar. Los radares las detectan cuando ya están en formación, es decir cuando las gotitas de la nube aumentan su tamaño y comienzan a producir lluvia. Su nombre oficial es “tormenta de masa de aire”: popularmente las llamamos “tormentas de verano” pero los científicos las denominan tormentas de masa de aire. Es importante resguardarse. Por más que sean de corta duración, son tormentas y como tal, pueden producir fuertes vientos, actividad eléctrica, caída de rayos e incluso granizo. Esto puede ser muy peligroso, así que siempre hay que buscar refugio hasta que se disipen. Vía: https://news.agrofy.com.ar/
Fotografías: Jesús Canto (Kazatormentas)
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