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¿A qué velocidad cae el granizo? – Nuestroclima
Recientemente han salido noticias de fuertes granizadas con piedras muy grandes e incluso, en una de ellas se podrían el récord del mundo, pero poco se sabe de la velocidad de caída. La NOAA-NWS da algunas ideas .
El granizo se genera durante las tormentas intensas, cuando las gotas de agua se encuentran en la nube a temperaturas inferiores al punto de congelación. Si esas gotas interceptan una partícula sólida, se condensan y empiezan a cristalizarse.
El tamaño de la bola de granizo puede tener desde unos pocos milímetros hasta varios centímetros, y es más grande cuanto mayor sea su permanencia en la nube antes de precipitarse al suelo. Si la fuerza de la masa de aire ascendente empuja el granizo hacia arriba, las pequeñas esferas pueden seguir cristalizando y aumentando su tamaño. Cuando el empuje hacia arriba finaliza o las esferas alcanzaron un peso que ya no puede ser sostenido por la masa de aire, el granizo se precipita.
Velocidad estimada de caída Esta es una respuesta muy complicada. La velocidad de caída del granizo depende principalmente del tamaño del granizo, la fricción entre el granizo y el aire circundante, las condiciones locales del viento (tanto horizontales como verticales) y el grado de fusión del granizo.
Las primeras investigaciones suponían que las piedras de granizo caían como esferas de hielo sólido y mostraban velocidades de caída muy altas, incluso para piedras de granizo muy pequeñas. Sin embargo, investigaciones recientes fuera de NWS-NSSL utilizando moldes impresos en 3D de granizos reales suspendidos en un túnel de viento vertical han demostrado repetidamente que los granizos naturales caen más lentamente que las esferas de hielo sólido.
Para los granizos pequeños (<1 pulgada / 2.54 cm de diámetro), la velocidad de caída esperada es de entre 9 y 25 mph, unos 14,5 y 40 km/h. Para las piedras de granizo que normalmente se verían en una tormenta eléctrica severa (1 pulgada /2,54 cm a 1.75 pulgadas 4.45 cm de diámetro), la velocidad de caída esperada es de entre 25 y 40 mph 40 y 64 km/h.
En las supercélulas más intensas que producen algunos de los granizos más grandes que uno podría esperar ver (de 2 a 4 pulgadas 5,08 cm a 10,16 cm de diámetro), la velocidad de caída esperada es de entre 44 y 72 mph 70,8 y 115,9 km/h. Sin embargo, existe mucha incertidumbre en estas estimaciones debido a la variabilidad en la forma del granizo, el grado de fusión, la orientación de la caída y las condiciones ambientales.
Es posible que granizos muy grandes (diámetros superiores a 4 pulgadas 10,16 cm) caigan a más de 100 mph o 160 km/h.
NOAA-NWS
Vía: Tiempo (Revista RAM)
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