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Lo que nunca te mostraron de Chernobyl – Nuestroclima
Usando robots alemanes y autómatas lunares rediseñados, el esfuerzo soviético por sanear la zona sin humanos fracasó y los obligó a trabajar con cuadrillas humanas.
El 15 de agosto de 1972 iniciaba sus operaciones, la central nuclear atómica Vladímir Ilich Lenin, perteneciente a la ex URSS, en la ciudad de Prípiat, a 18 kilómetros de Chernobyl. Fue construida con el objetivo de aumentar el uso de la energía nuclear, y era considerada la central nuclear más potente del mundo.
Pero 16 años después, el 26 de abril de 1986 , se produjo un accidente sin precedentes, considerado el desastre medioambiental más grande de la historia, con nivel 7 en la Escala Internacional de Accidentes Nucleares. Un desequilibrio en el reactor 4 provocó un sobrecalentamiento del núcleo del reactor nuclear con explosiones sucesivas, expulsando grandes cantidades de material radioactivo, equivalente a 500 veces la bomba atómica de Hiroshima en 1945, lo que causó la muerte de 31 personas y la evacuación de 116.000.
Una de estas historias es la de ‘Joker’ , un robot alemán que era usado por la policía para tareas tácticas, como desactivar bombas, y el cual fue enviado a la Central Nuclear de Chernobyl para ayudar con las labores de limpieza de material radioactivo. Algo que al final no funcionó como todos esperaban.
Los robots fueron la primera opción En el episodio cuatro de ‘Chernobyl’ vimos como empezaban los esfuerzos de limpieza en la zona tras la explosión del reactor No. 4. La idea era poder usar robots para estas labores y evitar, en la medida de lo posible, la intervención de los humanos. Sin embargo, esta esperanza se desvaneció rápidamente.
Después de la explosión del reactor No. 4, grandes cantidades de escombros, entre ellas trozos de grafito radioactivo, llenaron los techos de la instalación. Como el grafito había sido usado en un inicio para moderar la reacción, los funcionarios soviéticos pensaron que al arrojar el grafito al núcleo expuesto del reactor sería una solución improvisada para contenerlo.
Llevar a cabo esta idea no era fácil, ya que ¿quién sería capaz de limpiar el grafito radioactivo y arrojarlo al reactor? Los trabajadores con equipos especiales, conocidos como ‘biorobots’, sólo podían estar máximo 90 segundos ante este material y aún así, era sumamente peligroso. ¿La solución? Hacer uso de la tecnología espacial soviética .
Es así como decidieron enviar unos ‘Lunokhod’ (Programa Lunojod), rovers lunares que formaban parte del programa espacial soviético. Alemania Occidental se enteró de esto y se ofreció a prestarles a ‘Joker’, su famoso robot policial que podía ser controlado a distancia y que creían que sería ideal para las tareas de limpieza.
La mala noticia es que esto no salió como se esperaba, ya que el ‘Joker’ fue enviado a limpiar la parte más radioactiva del techo, pero una vez ahí, murió inmediatamente . En un inicio de pensó que se había quedado atascado en los escombros y enviaron a algunos hombres para que lo bajaran, pero al llegar ahí descubrieron que estaba frito.
Vía: xataka
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