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Micro robots contra los microplásticos – Nuestroclima
Con menos de 5 mm de longitud, los microplásticos son muy difíciles de eliminar manualmente.
Pero puede haber un método más eficiente para eliminar este problema de contaminación de nuestros océanos: usar con robots con el tamaño de bacterias. Estos microrobots, del tamaño de un glóbulo rojo, usan energía solar para moverse a través del agua y desmantelar los microplásticos que encuentran.
En una prueba de concepto, los microbots nadaron con éxito por un laberinto de canales para degradar eficientemente una gama de microplásticos sintéticos:
Investigadores de la Universidad de Química y Tecnología de Praga han desarollado recientemente unos microrobots autopropulsados ??que pueden nadar sobre los microplásticos y descomponerlos.
Hay pequeñas piezas de plástico por todas partes, que se extienden desde entornos urbanos hasta zonas vírgenes. Dejadas a su propio albedrío, pueden tardar cientos de años en degradarse por completo. Los catalizadores activados por la luz solar podrían acelerar el proceso, pero es difícil lograr que estos compuestos interactúen con los microplásticos.
En un estudio de prueba de concepto, los investigadores desarrollaron micro robots autopropulsados que pueden nadar, adherirse a los plásticos y descomponerlos.
Si bien los productos plásticos son omnipresentes en el interior, los desechos plásticos y los trozos rotos ahora también ensucian el exterior. Los más pequeños, los microplásticos de menos de 5 mm de tamaño, son difíciles de recoger y quitar. Además, pueden adsorber metales pesados y contaminantes, dañando potencialmente a humanos o animales si se consumen accidentalmente.
Entonces, investigadores anteriores propusieron una forma de baja energía para deshacerse de los plásticos en el medio ambiente mediante el uso de catalizadores que usan la luz solar para producir compuestos altamente reactivos que descomponen este tipo de polímeros.
Sin embargo, es un desafío hacer que los catalizadores y las pequeñas piezas de plástico entren en contacto entre sí y, por lo general, requiere pretratamientos o voluminosos agitadores mecánicos, que no se pueden escalar fácilmente. Martin Pumera y sus colegas querían crear un catalizador impulsado por la luz solar que se mueva y se adhiera a las micropartículas y las desmantele.
Para transformar un material catalítico en micro robots impulsados por la luz, los investigadores crearon partículas en forma de estrella de vanadato de bismuto y luego recubrieron uniformemente las estructuras de 4-8 µm de ancho con óxido de hierro magnético. Los micro robots podrían nadar por un laberinto de canales e interactuar con piezas de microplástico a lo largo de toda su longitud.
Los investigadores encontraron que bajo luz visible, los micro robots se adhieren fuertemente a cuatro tipos comunes de plásticos. Luego, el equipo iluminó piezas de los cuatro plásticos cubiertos con el catalizador micro robot durante siete días en una solución diluida de peróxido de hidrógeno.
Observaron que el plástico perdió el 3% de su peso y que la textura de la superficie para todos los tipos cambió de suave a picada, y se encontraron pequeñas moléculas y componentes de los plásticos en la solución sobrante.
Los investigadores dicen que los catalizadores de micro robot autopropulsados allanan el camino hacia sistemas que pueden capturar y degradar microplásticos en lugares de difícil acceso.
Vía: https://www.vistaalmar.es/
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