20";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}#page:after,.bdayh-wrap:after,.container-main:after,.bdayh-inner:after,#content:after,.topbar:after,#nav-menu:after,.primary-menu:after{clear:both}#page.boxed{max-width:1112px;margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{max-width:1200px;padding:0 30px;margin:0 auto}#header{position:relative;z-index:3}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:30px 0}#main{position:relative;padding:30px 0 29px}.container-main{margin:0 -20px;padding:0}#content{float:left;width:65%;padding:0 20px;padding-right:30px;border-right:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.sidebar{position:relative;float:right;width:35%;padding:0 20px 0 30px}.sidebar-left #content{border-right:0 none;border-left:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.sidebar-left .sidebar{float:left;padding:0 30px 0 20px}.sidebar-left #content{float:right;padding:0 20px 0 30px}#topbar{clear:both;border-top:#fb4834 2px solid;background:#f5f5f5;line-height:37px;position:relative;z-index:70}#topbar.top-trans-bg{background:0 0}.topbar .social-icons{float:right}.social-icons{vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden}.topbar .social-icons a,.top-search .search-btn{float:left;margin:0;width:37px;height:37px;line-height:37px;display:inline-block;text-align:center}.social-icons a{width:37px;height:37px;line-height:37px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;color:inherit}.topbar .social-icons a{color:inherit}.social-icons.icon-size-25 a i,.top-search .search-btn i{font-size:18px}.topbar .top-search{float:right;position:relative}.top-search .search-btn{position:relative}.top-search .search-dropdown{position:absolute;right:0;top:39px;width:262px;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none}.top-search-content{padding:15px;overflow:hidden}.top-search input.search-field,.top-search input[type=search]{font-size:13px;width:192px;max-height:40px;float:left;padding:9px 8px;color:#999;margin:0;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:0}.top-search button{background:#777;border:none;color:#fff;float:right;width:40px;height:40px;max-height:40px;display:inline;padding:0;border-radius:0;margin:0}.top-search .search-dropdown:before{position:absolute;top:-7px;right:13px;display:block;content:'';width:0;height:0;border-style:solid;border-width:0 6px 7px;border-color:transparent transparent #f9f9f9}.breaking-news{float:left;position:relative}.breaking-news .heading{float:left;margin-right:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.breaking-news ul{float:left}.breaking-news ul li{display:none;line-height:35px}.breaking-news ul li i{margin-right:10px;font-size:10px;overflow:hidden;line-height:9px}.breaking-news ul li:first-child{display:block}.breaking-news ul li a{color:#707070;font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.header-ads{display:block;float:right;line-height:0}#articleTop-ads ins{margin:auto;max-width:100%!important;line-height:0}.header-ads,#articleTop-ads{text-align:center;overflow:hidden}.logo{display:inline-block}.logo h2{padding:0;margin:0}.logo * a,#topbar * a,#navigation * a{text-decoration:none}.logo-left .logo{float:left;margin-top:0}.site-title{line-height:20px}nav.navigation{max-height:50px;line-height:50px}nav.navigation #nav-menu{background:#f5f5f5;display:table;width:100%}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark #nav-menu{box-shadow:none}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark #nav-menu{background:#1f1f1f}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary{display:block;position:relative}.primary-menu ul,.primary-menu li{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0}.primary-menu ul li{position:relative}.primary-menu ul{position:relative}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li{float:left;position:relative}.bdayh-menu-border-color{content:'';position:absolute;height:3px;bottom:0;width:100%;left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a>.bdayh-menu-border-color{background:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{padding:0 10px;position:relative;display:block;font-size:13px;text-transform:none}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a{padding-right:28px}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent{background:#fb4834}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent>a{color:#fff}.primary-menu ul>li>a,.primary-menu ul li ul li a{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:#787878}.primary-menu ul li ul li a{font-size:12px;font-weight:600}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul>li>a{color:#fff}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{border-right:1px rgba(255,255,255,.05) solid;border-left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{border-right:1px rgba(0,0,0,.05) solid;border-left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:50%;right:18px;margin-top:-2px;height:0;width:0;border:4px solid transparent;border-top-color:#aaa}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent.menu-item-has-children>a:after,nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{border-top-color:#fff}.primary-menu ul ul{display:none!important;-webkit-animation-duration:.4s;animation-duration:.4s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both}.widget{display:block;position:relative}.sidebar .widget{margin-bottom:35px;width:100%;clear:both}.sidebar .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.widget{font-size:13px;line-height:19px;position:relative}.widget form{position:relative}.widget_search .search-submit{position:absolute;right:0}.widget_search input{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0}.widget_search .search-field{width:94%}.widget{overflow:hidden;padding:0 1px}section.widget:before,section.widget:after{content:" ";display:table}.post-header-bd header{overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.post-header-bd header h1{font-size:32px;margin:6px 0 12px;padding:0;word-wrap:break-word;font-weight:700;width:100%}.post-header-bd header h1{color:#1f1f1f}.post-header-bd header .meta-info{font-size:85%;line-height:17px;text-transform:capitalize;margin-bottom:16px;position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;clear:both}.post-header-bd header .meta-info,.post-header-bd header .meta-info a{color:#777}.post-header-bd header .meta-info i{margin-right:3px}.post-header-bd header .meta-info div{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px}.post-content-bd{padding:30px 0 0;color:#2c2f34}.post-content-bd a{color:#fb4834}.post-featured{display:block;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:22px}.post-featured-image-bd a{display:block;line-height:0}.post-featured-image-bd img{width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%}.post-content-bd img{margin-bottom:21px}.post-content-bd figure img{margin-bottom:0}.title-bd{border-top:3px #fb4834 solid;display:block;min-height:12px;margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:20px}.title-bd h3{float:left;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;line-height:13px;margin:-13px 0 0!important;background:#fb4834;border-radius:2px;padding:5px 11px 4px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:middle;text-transform:uppercase;z-index:10}.title-bd h3{color:#fff}#cancel-comment-reply-link{clear:both}#cancel-comment-reply-link{color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:12px;padding:3px 9px;margin-left:3px;border-radius:3px}#cancel-comment-reply-link{background:#ccc;float:left;margin:0 10px 10px 0}#respond input{background:#fff;color:#404040;border:1px solid #e8e8e8;display:block;margin:0 0 9px;padding:7px 14px;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:19px}header .post-sharing-bd{border-top:1px #e8e8e8 solid;border-bottom:1px #e8e8e8 solid;position:relative;z-index:2;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:15px 0;margin:10px 0 -11px}header .post-sharing-bd{border-bottom:none;margin:0}.post-sharing-bd ul{float:none;overflow:hidden}.post-sharing-bd ul,.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd a{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0}.post-sharing-bd li{visibility:visible;background:#1f1f1f;border-radius:2px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:45px;height:33px;line-height:33px;margin-left:4px;float:right}.post-sharing-bd li a{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:20px}.post-sharing-bd li.ps-title{background:0 0;color:#1f1f1f;visibility:visible;float:left;width:auto;margin:0}.post-sharing-bd li.ps-title i{font-size:21px;line-height:33px;font-weight:400}.post-sharing-bd li.facebook{background:#3b5998}.post-sharing-bd li.twitter{background:#55acee}.post-sharing-bd li.linkedin{background:#0976b4}.post-sharing-bd li.reddit{background:#ff4500}.post-sharing-bd li.pinterest{background:#cc2127}.post-sharing-bd li.whatsapp{background:#21ba2f;display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1020px){.post-sharing-bd ul li.telegram,.post-sharing-bd ul li.whatsapp{display:inline-block}}.post-featured-image-bd{position:relative}.post-content-bd h3{line-height:120%;margin-top:0}.post-content-bd>div{margin-bottom:24px}article{overflow:hidden}.post-content-bd{position:relative;max-width:100%;display:block}.fa{font-family:FontAwesome!important}*,*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.bd-ClickOpen{display:none;margin:0;position:absolute;top:30px;left:13px;opacity:1;height:34px;width:40px;z-index:666}.bd-ClickOpen span{left:6px}.bd-ClickOpen span,.bd-ClickOpen span:after,.bd-ClickOpen span:before{top:5px;position:absolute;content:' ';display:block;height:3px;width:28px;background:#333;-webkit-border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;border-radius:10px}.bd-ClickOpen span:before{top:8px}.bd-ClickOpen span:after{top:16px}.bd-MobileSiderbar{background:#fff;position:absolute;display:block;left:0;top:0;z-index:1;height:100%;width:80%;color:#ddd;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-o-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden;-ms-backface-visibility:hidden;-o-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.search-mobile{margin:20px;height:40px;overflow:hidden;background:#f6f6f6;position:relative;-webkit-border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px}.search-mobile #s-mobile{background:0 0;float:left;margin:0;padding:10px 12px;width:92%;color:#444;font-size:12px;line-height:20px}.search-mobile button.search-button,.search-mobile #s-mobile{-webkit-border-radius:0!important;-moz-border-radius:0!important;border-radius:0!important;border:0 none!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.search-mobile button.search-button{background:#f43d2a;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:40px;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:40px;font-size:18px;color:#fff;z-index:444}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu ul ul{display:none}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu li{list-style:none;position:relative}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu a{color:#656565;display:block;font-size:15px;padding:9px 0 9px 20px;min-height:45px;border-bottom:1px solid #f6f6f6;text-transform:uppercase}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu ul ul a{font-size:13px;padding-left:30px}.page-outer{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.bg-cover{position:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}#bdCheckAlso{background:#fff;position:fixed;z-index:999;bottom:65px;right:-350px;width:300px;border-bottom:0 none;padding:10px 20px 20px;border-top-width:4px;border-top-style:solid;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);border:0 none!important}#bdCheckAlso{border-top-color:#e6ae48}.check-also-post{padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.check-also-post:last-child{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:0 none}.check-also-post .post-title{margin:15px 0 10px;padding:0;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}.check-also-post p{font-size:14px;line-height:18px;margin:0;padding:0}.title-bd{position:relative;display:block}#check-also-close{position:absolute;right:0;top:-13px;padding-left:7px;background:#fff}.check-also-thumb{width:260px;height:130px;background-position:center;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}#reading-position-indicator{display:block;height:4px;position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;width:0;z-index:9999;max-width:100%;background:#fb4834}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1023px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:block}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.menu-label{display:block!important}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{padding:0 10px;font-size:12px}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}.widget{padding:0 20px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}#content{border:0 none!important}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.primary-menu{display:none}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}@media (max-width:767px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0 10px!important;display:block}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}.breaking-news i{display:none}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:none}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.post-sharing-bd li{width:33px}.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd ul{text-align:center}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}#content{border:0 none!important}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:99%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.widget{padding:0 10px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}@media (max-width:368px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0 10px!important;display:block}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}.breaking-news i{display:none}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:none}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.post-sharing-bd li{width:33px}.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd ul{text-align:center}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}#content{border:0 none!important}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:99%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.widget{padding:0 10px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}.sidebar,.content,.bdayh-inner,.theia_sticky,div.theiaStickySidebar{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden!important;backface-visibility:hidden!important;-moz-transform-origin:0 0!important;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:unset!important;animation-fill-mode:unset!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;right:initial!important;left:initial!important}}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0,0)}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002"}.fa-close:before{content:"\f00d"}.fa-bookmark:before{content:"\f02e"}.fa-eye:before{content:"\f06e"}.fa-twitter:before{content:"\f099"}.fa-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.fa-pinterest:before{content:"\f0d2"}.fa-linkedin:before{content:"\f0e1"}.fa-comments-o:before{content:"\f0e6"}.fa-reddit:before{content:"\f1a1"}.fa-share-alt:before{content:"\f1e0"}.fa-whatsapp:before{content:"\f232"}:root{--swiper-theme-color:#007aff}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container{list-style:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative;z-index:1}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-wrapper{box-sizing:content-box;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;width:100%;z-index:1}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-wrapper{transform:translateZ(0)}:root{--swiper-navigation-size:44px}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{align-items:center;color:var(--swiper-navigation-color,var(--swiper-theme-color));display:flex;height:var(--swiper-navigation-size);justify-content:center;margin-top:calc(0px - var(--swiper-navigation-size)/2);position:absolute;top:50%;width:calc(var(--swiper-navigation-size)/44*27);z-index:10}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{font-family:swiper-icons;font-size:var(--swiper-navigation-size);font-variant:normal;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1;text-transform:none!important;text-transform:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{left:10px;right:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{content:"prev"}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next{left:auto;right:10px}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after{content:"next"}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-pagination{position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateZ(0);z-index:10}:root{--jp-carousel-primary-color:#fff;--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color:#999;--jp-carousel-bg-color:#000;--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color:#222;--jp-carousel-border-color:#3a3a3a}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{background-image:none}.jp-carousel-wrap *{line-height:inherit}.jp-carousel-wrap.swiper-container{height:auto;width:100vw}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{background-image:none;height:auto;opacity:.5;padding:20px 40px;width:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{content:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next svg,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;height:30px;width:28px}.jp-carousel-overlay{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);bottom:0;direction:ltr;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;left:0;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:2147483647}.jp-carousel-overlay *{box-sizing:border-box}.jp-carousel-overlay h2:before,.jp-carousel-overlay h3:before{content:none;display:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-prev{left:0;right:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-next{left:auto;right:0}.jp-carousel-container{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 64px;height:100%}.jp-carousel-info{-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased!important;background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;opacity:1;text-align:left!important;z-index:100}.jp-carousel-info-footer{align-items:center;display:flex;height:64px;justify-content:space-between;position:relative}.jp-carousel-info-extra,.jp-carousel-info-footer{background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);width:100vw}.jp-carousel-info-extra{border-top:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color);display:none;padding:35px}.jp-carousel-title-and-caption{margin-bottom:15px}.jp-carousel-photo-info{left:0!important;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-comments-wrapper{display:none;padding:0;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-close-hint{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);height:45px;letter-spacing:0!important;padding:10px;position:fixed;right:30px;text-align:right;top:20px;width:45px;z-index:15}.jp-carousel-close-hint svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-caption{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);font-size:15px;margin:0;text-align:center;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-photo-title{font-size:32px;margin-bottom:2px}.jp-carousel-photo-description{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);font-size:16px;margin:25px 0;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;width:100%}.jp-carousel-caption{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin:0}.jp-carousel-image-meta{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:13px;font:12px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;width:100%}.jp-carousel-image-meta ul{list-style:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}a.jp-carousel-image-download{clear:both;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);display:inline-block;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}a.jp-carousel-image-download svg{display:inline-block;margin:0 3px;padding-bottom:2px;vertical-align:middle}.jp-carousel-comments{background:none transparent;bottom:10px;font:15px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;font-weight:400;margin-top:20px;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-form{margin:0 0 10px!important;width:100%}textarea#jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-border-color);border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);float:none;font:16px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;height:147px;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 10px 5px;width:100%}textarea#jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#555}#jp-carousel-loading-overlay{bottom:0;display:none;left:0;position:fixed;right:0;top:0}#jp-carousel-loading-wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100vh;justify-content:center;width:100vw}#jp-carousel-library-loading,#jp-carousel-library-loading:after{border-radius:50%;height:40px;width:40px}#jp-carousel-library-loading{animation:load8 1.1s linear infinite;border:8px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-left:8px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);float:left;font-size:10px;margin:22px 0 0 10px;position:relative;text-indent:-9999em;transform:translateZ(0)}#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner,#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner:after{border-radius:50%;height:20px;width:20px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner{animation:load8 1.1s linear infinite;border:4px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-left:4px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);bottom:0;display:none;float:left;font-size:10px;left:0;margin:0 auto;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-9999em;top:calc(50% - 15px);transform:translateZ(0)}@keyframes load8{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper{margin:auto;max-width:800px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper{display:none;overflow:hidden;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as input{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-border-color);border-radius:2px;box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.2);color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);float:left;font:16px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;padding:10px;width:285px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as fieldset{border:none;clear:both;float:left;margin:20px 0 0;padding:0}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as label{float:left;font:400 13px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;margin:0 20px 3px 0;width:100px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);border-radius:3px;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:block;font-size:14px;margin-left:auto;margin-top:20px;padding:8px 16px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-container{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:20px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-post-results{display:none;overflow:auto;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comments-loading{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);display:none}#jp-carousel-comments-loading{bottom:10px;font:400 15px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px;text-align:left;width:100%}.jp-carousel-photo-icons-container{display:block;flex:1;margin:0 20px 0 30px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-icon-btn{background:0 0;border:none;display:inline-block;height:64px;padding:16px;text-decoration:none}.jp-carousel-icon{border:none;border-radius:4px;display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:0;padding:4px 3px 3px;width:31px}.jp-carousel-icon svg{display:inline-block}.jp-carousel-overlay rect{fill:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color)}.jp-carousel-icon .jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator{background:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);border-radius:4px;color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);display:none;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin-left:-16px;padding:2px 4px;position:relative;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (max-width:760px){.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-prev{display:none!important}.jp-carousel-image-meta{box-sizing:border-box;float:none!important;margin-left:0;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-close-hint{font-size:26px!important;position:fixed!important;right:10px;top:10px}.jp-carousel-wrap{background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color)}.jp-carousel-caption{overflow:visible!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{display:none}.jp-carousel-photo-icons-container{margin:0 10px 0 0;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-icon-btn{padding-left:20px}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{margin-left:25px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as fieldset,#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as input{float:none;width:100%}}:root{--jetpack--contact-form--border:1px solid #8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-color:#8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-size:1px;--jetpack--contact-form--border-style:solid;--jetpack--contact-form--border-radius:0px;--jetpack--contact-form--input-padding:16px}#jp-relatedposts{clear:both;display:none;margin:1em 0;padding-top:1em;position:relative}.jp-relatedposts:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline{display:inline-block;float:left;font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 1em}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em:before{border-top:1px solid #dcdcde;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:"";display:block;margin-bottom:1em;min-width:30px;width:100%}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}#amp-mobile-version-switcher{left:0;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:100}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a{background-color:#444;border:0;color:#eaeaea;display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:15px 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}
Cuándo la Tierra estaba cubierta de magma – Nuestroclima
El estudio de estas reliquias aporta información sobre un importante periodo de la formación de nuestro planeta, cuando un profundo mar de magma incandescente se extendía por la superficie de la Tierra y se adentraba cientos de kilómetros en su interior.
Reliquias geoquímicas de cuando la Tierra estuvo cubierta por un océano de magma han sido encontradas en unas rocas muy antiguas de Groenlandia.
El enfriamiento y la cristalización graduales de este océano de magma fueron los que determinaron la química del interior de la Tierra en un proceso decisivo de la formación de la estructura geológica de la Tierra así como de la primera atmósfera.
Se sabe que los impactos catastróficos de objetos celestes que se produjeron durante la formación de la Tierra y la Luna tuvieron que generar suficiente energía para fundir el interior de nuestro planeta. Pero es poco lo que se sabe sobre esta lejana y ardiente fase de la historia de la Tierra porque los procesos tectónicos han reciclado casi todas las rocas de más de 4.000 millones de años.
Ahora, un equipo que incluye a Helen Williams, de la Universidad de Cambridge en el Reino Unido, y Hanika Rizo, de la Universidad Carleton en Ottawa, Canadá, ha encontrado vestigios químicos de aquel océano de magma en rocas de 3.600 millones de años del sudoeste de Groenlandia.
A primera vista, las rocas que componen el cinturón de Isua en Groenlandia se parecen a cualquier basalto moderno que se pueda encontrar en el fondo del mar. Pero este afloramiento de rocas, descrito por primera vez en la década de 1960, es el que tiene las rocas más antiguas del mundo de entre todas las expuestas al aire libre . Contiene, por ejemplo, las pruebas más antiguas de vida microbiana y de tectónica de placas.
La nueva investigación muestra que las rocas de Isua también conservan un raro vestigio que incluso es anterior a la tectónica de placas: los residuos de algunos de los cristales que quedaron al enfriarse aquel océano de magma.
A primera vista, las rocas que componen el cinturón de Isua, en Groenlandia, se parecen a cualquier basalto moderno que se pueda encontrar en el fondo del mar. Pero este afloramiento rocoso es el que tiene las rocas más antiguas del mundo de entre todas las expuestas al aire libre. (Foto: Hanika Rizo)
Los hallazgos hechos en la nueva investigación respaldan por tanto la teoría largamente sostenida de que la Tierra estuvo una vez casi totalmente fundida y proporcionan una ventana a la época en la que el planeta comenzó a solidificarse y a desarrollar la química que ahora gobierna su estructura interna. Los resultados de la investigación también sugieren que otras rocas actualmente situadas en la superficie de la Tierra también pueden conservar huellas de ese océano de magma.
El estudio, titulado “Iron isotopes trace primordial magma ocean cumulates melting in Earth’s upper mantle”, se ha publicado en la revista académica Science Advances.
Fuente: NCYT de Amazings )
También te puede interesar
Una investigación asegura que las flores tienen la