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Krakatoa: la explosión más potente del mundo – Nuestroclima
La erupción del volcán el 27 de agosto de 1884 fue el sonido más fuerte jamás registrado en el planeta Tierra.
Aquel día del siglo XIX en la isla Mauricio, los habitantes escucharon un extraño ruido «que venía del Este, como el rugido lejano de pesados cañones». Al Este de Mauricio, sin embargo, no hay tierras durante miles de kilómetros de vasto océano. Tampoco se estaba librando ninguna batalla naval en alta mar. Lo que los mauricianos escucharon era la erupción del volcán Krakatoa, que se encuentra a casi 5.000 kilómetros en el Mar de Java. Fue tan espectacular que retumbó en el planeta durante varios días.
Al entrar en erupción el volcán, se produce un aumento repentino en la presión del aire, provocado por la lava que sale a la superficie sin permitir que parte del aire entre en el volcán. Esta presión se transforma en una onda expansiva que, dependiendo de la fuerza de la erupción, provoca un estruendo mayor o menor.
Según documentación de la época, el volcán arrasó con todo a su alrededor. Decenas de aldeas y poblaciones cercanas a la isla quedaron anegadas por el agua debido al tsunami que se generó con olas de más de 30 metros de altura. Un tsunami lo suficientemente grande como para arrasar 165 aldeas, con 36.417 muertos, según los datos holandeses del momento, ya que Indonesia era una colonia holandesa por aquél entonces.
En el momento de la explosión, a unos 65 kilómetros del volcán se encontraba el barco británico Normal Castle. El capitán del barco relató lo sucedido diciendo que «las explosiones son tan violentas que los tímpanos de más de la mitad de mi tripulación fueron destrozados». Un sonido que destroce los tímpanos puede ser difícil de poner en contexto pero, por suerte, en Batavia (la actual Yakarta, en Indonesia, a 150 kilómetros de Krakatoa) midieron el sonido.
En una fábrica de gas el mercurio mostró un aumento de la presión de unas 2,5 pulgadas, que corresponden a unos 170 decibeles de presión en el sonido. A partir de 130 decibeles, el oído humano comienza sentir dolor. Imaginen lo que habrá sido el volumen de la explosión en Krakatoa, si a 150 kilómetros del volcán el estruendo era de 170 decibeles.
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