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9 sorprendentes datos de los eclipses lunares que seguramente desconocías – Nuestroclima
Los eclipses son eventos astronómicos, en los que la luz de un cuerpo celeste es bloqueada por otro. El término proviene de una expresión griega que significa «abandono», en referencia a la desaparición momentánea de la luz.
Desde hace siglos, el hombre se ha dejado encandilar por las ilusiones ópticas de la naturaleza –principalmente de los eclipses.
Esta desaparición aparente y temporal de un astro por un otro ha desencadenado toda una serie de teorías, investigaciones científicas y expresiones artísticas. Sin embargo, estamos seguros que no conocías estos datos de los eclipses:
1. Los eclipses lunares sólo ocurren durante la luna llena. Sin embargo no puede haber un eclipse cada luna llena debido a que la órbita de la luna está 5º más inclinada que la órbita de la Tierra.
2 . El término para definir cuando la Tierra, el sol y la luna se alinean es Syzygy. Viene del griego syzgia, que significa “unidos por el yugo”, y se pronuncia “siziyiii”.
3 . Hay tres tipos de eclipse lunar: total, parcial y penumbral. Un eclipse total ocurre cuando la sombra de la Tierra cubre por completo a la luna; el parcial, la sombra de la Tierra cubre sólo una parte de la luna; y el penumbral, cuando la penumbra de la Tierra –sólo la sombra más clara– cubre a la luna.
4. El término totalidad es el correcto para definir cuando la luna está completamente oscura.
5. Se puede observar un eclipse lunar desde la luna –aunque, por supuesto, lo que se vería oscuro es la Tierra.
6. La refracción causa que la luna se vea roja durante el eclipse. Cuando la luna se ve rojiza, fenómeno también llamada luna de sangre, durante un eclipse es debido a la manera en que la luz se refracta en la atmósfera de la Tierra. Se le llama la dispersión de Rayleigh, la cual es la también es la causa por la que el amanecer y el ocaso se tiñan de rojo. También, el color exacto de la luna se ve influenciada por las partículas de la atmósfera de la Tierra en el momento del evento.
7. Los eclipses lunares tiene límites temporales. Si bien no duran eternamente, los eclipses lunares no pueden durar más que 3 horas y 40 minutos. Mientras que la totalidad no puede durar más que 1 hora y 40 minutos.
8. Los eclipses pueden ser diferentes cada millón o miles de millones de años. Debido a que la luna se mueve año con año a una distancia diferente de la Tierra, esto provoca que la sombra de la Tierra sea diferente sobre la luna.
9. Cristobal Colón usó su conocimiento sobre los eclipses lunares para salir de Jamaica. Después de haber arribado a Jamaica, Colón usó el eclipse lunar para congraciarse con los nativos Arawak. Él y su tripulación habían estado varios meses en Jamaica, y los Arawak estaban ya cansados de alimentarlos. Por lo que Colón usó sus conocimientos de la luna, así como de un almanaque que predijo el eclipse del 29 de febrero de 1504, para afirmar que el dios de los Arawak estaba molesto con su pueblo por haber maltratado a sus visitantes. En cuantos sucedió el eclipse lunar, el pueblo Arawak volvió a brindarle cuidados a los españoles varados.
Vía: ecoosfera
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