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Expulsión de lava, como nunca la viste – Nuestroclima
La lava es un concepto con origen remoto en la lengua latina que se utiliza para nombrar a la materia en fusión o derretida que expulsa un volcán durante su erupción. Cuando la lava se halla en el interior de la Tierra se conoce como magma, mientras que una vez expulsada y solidificada recibe el nombre de roca volcánica.
En el interior de la Tierra, el calor es tan intenso que las rocas y los gases que forman el manto se derriten. Nuestro planeta tiene un núcleo compuesto por lava . Este núcleo está recubierto por la corteza terrestre y capas de roca sólida. Este material fundido que se forma es magma, y ??cuando es empujado a la superficie de la Tierra, lo llamamos: lava. Si bien las dos capas de corteza y roca se diferencian, lo cierto es que ambas sufren un cambio constante: roca solidificada pasa a líquida y al revés. Si el magma se filtra a través de la corteza, llegando a la superficie terrestre, se convierte en lava .
Por todo esto, llamamos lava al material magma que ha salido de la corteza terrestre y, por lo tanto, se ha extendido por la superficie. La temperatura de la lava es muy alta, oscilando entre 700 ° C y 1200 ° C . A diferencia del magma, que puede enfriarse rápidamente, la lava es más densa y, por lo tanto, necesita tiempo para enfriarse. Esta es una de las razones por las que acercarse al sitio de una erupción volcánica es muy peligroso, incluso después de sólo unos días.
Puede decirse que la lava, por lo tanto, es un magma que asciende por la corteza terrestre y que alcanza la superficie. La presión atmosférica hace que la lava pierda los gases que contenía en el interior de la Tierra. Cuando empieza a recorrer la superficie terrestre en forma de arroyo, la lava tiene una temperatura que oscila entre los 700ºC y los 1.200ºC.
La viscosidad de la lava es muy alta aunque, a medida que recorre la superficie, este magma expulsado por el volcán pierde temperatura y comienza a solidificarse. Las rocas volcánicas o ígneas que se generan con esta solidificación suelen utilizarse en la construcción.
Lo habitual es que la lava sea expulsada de un volcán con gran violencia y que recorra largas distancias como arroyo encendido hasta enfriarse y solidificarse. En apenas unos pocos volcanes de todo el mundo existen lagos de lava, que son formaciones permanentes de lava derretida que se hallan en un cráter o en una depresión.
Otros conceptos vinculados a las erupciones y a la actividad volcánica son la colada de lava (el manto de magma que emite un volcán durante la erupción) y los tubos de lava (túneles que se forman en el interior de una colada de lava).
Las erupciones volcánicas provocan una mezcla de sensaciones en muchos seres humanos, especialmente en aquellos que no deben vivirlas de cerca y ver cómo acaban con sus casas. En quienes solamente las han visto a través de documentales, pueden generar una extraña combinación de fascinación y terror; y no es para menos, ya que la lava parece haber salido de una historia de fantasía, es un elemento mágico, un mar de fuego.
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1 Comments
Leonardo Prevatti
sip exactamente, a mi me parese eso un mar de fuego. sip es una extraña combinación de fascinación y terror; y no es para menos, ya que la lava parece haber salido de una historia de fantasía, es un elemento mágico Las erupciones volcánicas son increivles