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De qué manera buscan evitar que los rayos alcancen a los aviones – Nuestroclima
Pequeñas cargas eléctricas podrían ayudar a los aviones a evitar los rayos,según una nueva investigación que explora el papel de la aeronave en los eventos eléctricos.
Sorprendentemente, el truco podría ser dar a los aviones una pequeña carga eléctrica cuando están en el aire, dicen los científicos que informan su trabajo experimental en el Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres de AGU.
Un avión comercial es alcanzado en promedio una o dos veces al año por un rayo. Cada vez que se golpea un avión, se deja fuera de servicio para inspecciones y reparaciones. Esto provoca retrasos y cancelaciones de vuelos. Encontrar una manera de reducir los rayos podría ahorrar tiempo y dinero.
Con ese fin, un equipo de investigadores del Instituto de Tecnología de Massachusetts (MIT) y la Universidad Técnica de Cataluña (UPC) construyó un aparato alrededor de un modelo de avión para aprender cómo los aviones interactúan eléctricamente con el cielo cargado a su alrededor. Esto incluye examinar la forma contra-intuitiva de que los rayos comienzan en los bordes del avión y se mueven hacia el cielo.
«Los aviones no vuelan hacia los rayos. De hecho, desencadenan rayos ”, dijo Carmen Guerra-García, profesora asistente del MIT involucrada en el estudio. Los aviones crean lo que se llama “líderes” positivos y negativos, que son los canales ionizados de rápido movimiento que se convierten en rayos. «Los rayos no habrían sucedido si el avión no estuviera allí», dijo.
En el aparato modelo, los investigadores simularon un campo eléctrico entre las nubes y el suelo y luego cambiaron la carga del modelo de avión. Para esto, utilizaron un generador de electricidad estática, como los que hacen crecer el cabello en un museo de ciencias, conectado al modelo de avión. Esto les permitió ver cómo la carga en el avión modificaba los umbrales para provocar un rayo.
Los aviones comerciales reales están diseñados para eliminar constantemente cualquier carga estática que se acumule mientras están en el aire, dijo Colin Pavan, un estudiante graduado en el MIT y autor principal del nuevo estudio. Esto se debe a que la electricidad estática puede interferir y dañar la electrónica. Como resultado, los aviones comerciales están cerca de ser eléctricamente neutros mientras vuelan por el aire.
Vía: Tiempo (Revista RAM)
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