20";display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden}#page:after,.bdayh-wrap:after,.container-main:after,.bdayh-inner:after,#content:after,.topbar:after,#nav-menu:after,.primary-menu:after{clear:both}#page.boxed{max-width:1112px;margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{max-width:1200px;padding:0 30px;margin:0 auto}#header{position:relative;z-index:3}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:30px 0}#main{position:relative;padding:30px 0 29px}.container-main{margin:0 -20px;padding:0}#content{float:left;width:65%;padding:0 20px;padding-right:30px;border-right:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.sidebar{position:relative;float:right;width:35%;padding:0 20px 0 30px}.sidebar-left #content{border-right:0 none;border-left:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.sidebar-left .sidebar{float:left;padding:0 30px 0 20px}.sidebar-left #content{float:right;padding:0 20px 0 30px}#topbar{clear:both;border-top:#fb4834 2px solid;background:#f5f5f5;line-height:37px;position:relative;z-index:70}#topbar.top-trans-bg{background:0 0}.topbar .social-icons{float:right}.social-icons{vertical-align:middle;overflow:hidden}.topbar .social-icons a,.top-search .search-btn{float:left;margin:0;width:37px;height:37px;line-height:37px;display:inline-block;text-align:center}.social-icons a{width:37px;height:37px;line-height:37px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;color:inherit}.topbar .social-icons a{color:inherit}.social-icons.icon-size-25 a i,.top-search .search-btn i{font-size:18px}.topbar .top-search{float:right;position:relative}.top-search .search-btn{position:relative}.top-search .search-dropdown{position:absolute;right:0;top:39px;width:262px;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:none}.top-search-content{padding:15px;overflow:hidden}.top-search input.search-field,.top-search input[type=search]{font-size:13px;width:192px;max-height:40px;float:left;padding:9px 8px;color:#999;margin:0;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;background:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:0}.top-search button{background:#777;border:none;color:#fff;float:right;width:40px;height:40px;max-height:40px;display:inline;padding:0;border-radius:0;margin:0}.top-search .search-dropdown:before{position:absolute;top:-7px;right:13px;display:block;content:'';width:0;height:0;border-style:solid;border-width:0 6px 7px;border-color:transparent transparent #f9f9f9}.breaking-news{float:left;position:relative}.breaking-news .heading{float:left;margin-right:10px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px;font-weight:600}.breaking-news ul{float:left}.breaking-news ul li{display:none;line-height:35px}.breaking-news ul li i{margin-right:10px;font-size:10px;overflow:hidden;line-height:9px}.breaking-news ul li:first-child{display:block}.breaking-news ul li a{color:#707070;font-size:13px;font-weight:600}.header-ads{display:block;float:right;line-height:0}#articleTop-ads ins{margin:auto;max-width:100%!important;line-height:0}.header-ads,#articleTop-ads{text-align:center;overflow:hidden}.logo{display:inline-block}.logo h2{padding:0;margin:0}.logo * a,#topbar * a,#navigation * a{text-decoration:none}.logo-left .logo{float:left;margin-top:0}.site-title{line-height:20px}nav.navigation{max-height:50px;line-height:50px}nav.navigation #nav-menu{background:#f5f5f5;display:table;width:100%}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark #nav-menu{box-shadow:none}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark #nav-menu{background:#1f1f1f}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary{display:block;position:relative}.primary-menu ul,.primary-menu li{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0}.primary-menu ul li{position:relative}.primary-menu ul{position:relative}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li{float:left;position:relative}.bdayh-menu-border-color{content:'';position:absolute;height:3px;bottom:0;width:100%;left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a>.bdayh-menu-border-color{background:rgba(0,0,0,.05)}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{padding:0 10px;position:relative;display:block;font-size:13px;text-transform:none}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a{padding-right:28px}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent{background:#fb4834}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent>a{color:#fff}.primary-menu ul>li>a,.primary-menu ul li ul li a{font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:#787878}.primary-menu ul li ul li a{font-size:12px;font-weight:600}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul>li>a{color:#fff}nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{border-right:1px rgba(255,255,255,.05) solid;border-left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{border-right:1px rgba(0,0,0,.05) solid;border-left:0}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:50%;right:18px;margin-top:-2px;height:0;width:0;border:4px solid transparent;border-top-color:#aaa}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.current-menu-parent.menu-item-has-children>a:after,nav.navigation.primary-menu-dark .primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li.menu-item-has-children>a:after{border-top-color:#fff}.primary-menu ul ul{display:none!important;-webkit-animation-duration:.4s;animation-duration:.4s;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:both;animation-fill-mode:both}.widget{display:block;position:relative}.sidebar .widget{margin-bottom:35px;width:100%;clear:both}.sidebar .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.widget{font-size:13px;line-height:19px;position:relative}.widget form{position:relative}.widget_search .search-submit{position:absolute;right:0}.widget_search input{-webkit-border-radius:0;-moz-border-radius:0;border-radius:0}.widget_search .search-field{width:94%}.widget{overflow:hidden;padding:0 1px}section.widget:before,section.widget:after{content:" ";display:table}.post-header-bd header{overflow:hidden;border-bottom:1px #e8e8e8 solid}.post-header-bd header h1{font-size:32px;margin:6px 0 12px;padding:0;word-wrap:break-word;font-weight:700;width:100%}.post-header-bd header h1{color:#1f1f1f}.post-header-bd header .meta-info{font-size:85%;line-height:17px;text-transform:capitalize;margin-bottom:16px;position:relative;display:block;overflow:hidden;clear:both}.post-header-bd header .meta-info,.post-header-bd header .meta-info a{color:#777}.post-header-bd header .meta-info i{margin-right:3px}.post-header-bd header .meta-info div{display:inline-block;margin-right:8px}.post-content-bd{padding:30px 0 0;color:#2c2f34}.post-content-bd a{color:#fb4834}.post-featured{display:block;overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:22px}.post-featured-image-bd a{display:block;line-height:0}.post-featured-image-bd img{width:100%;height:auto;max-width:100%}.post-content-bd img{margin-bottom:21px}.post-content-bd figure img{margin-bottom:0}.title-bd{border-top:3px #fb4834 solid;display:block;min-height:12px;margin-top:13px;margin-bottom:20px}.title-bd h3{float:left;display:inline-block;font-weight:700;font-size:13px;line-height:13px;margin:-13px 0 0!important;background:#fb4834;border-radius:2px;padding:5px 11px 4px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:middle;text-transform:uppercase;z-index:10}.title-bd h3{color:#fff}#cancel-comment-reply-link{clear:both}#cancel-comment-reply-link{color:#fff;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:12px;padding:3px 9px;margin-left:3px;border-radius:3px}#cancel-comment-reply-link{background:#ccc;float:left;margin:0 10px 10px 0}#respond input{background:#fff;color:#404040;border:1px solid #e8e8e8;display:block;margin:0 0 9px;padding:7px 14px;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:19px}header .post-sharing-bd{border-top:1px #e8e8e8 solid;border-bottom:1px #e8e8e8 solid;position:relative;z-index:2;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;padding:15px 0;margin:10px 0 -11px}header .post-sharing-bd{border-bottom:none;margin:0}.post-sharing-bd ul{float:none;overflow:hidden}.post-sharing-bd ul,.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd a{margin:0;padding:0;outline:0}.post-sharing-bd li{visibility:visible;background:#1f1f1f;border-radius:2px;display:inline-block;text-align:center;width:45px;height:33px;line-height:33px;margin-left:4px;float:right}.post-sharing-bd li a{display:block;color:#fff;font-size:20px}.post-sharing-bd li.ps-title{background:0 0;color:#1f1f1f;visibility:visible;float:left;width:auto;margin:0}.post-sharing-bd li.ps-title i{font-size:21px;line-height:33px;font-weight:400}.post-sharing-bd li.facebook{background:#3b5998}.post-sharing-bd li.twitter{background:#55acee}.post-sharing-bd li.linkedin{background:#0976b4}.post-sharing-bd li.reddit{background:#ff4500}.post-sharing-bd li.pinterest{background:#cc2127}.post-sharing-bd li.whatsapp{background:#21ba2f;display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1020px){.post-sharing-bd ul li.telegram,.post-sharing-bd ul li.whatsapp{display:inline-block}}.post-featured-image-bd{position:relative}.post-content-bd h3{line-height:120%;margin-top:0}.post-content-bd>div{margin-bottom:24px}article{overflow:hidden}.post-content-bd{position:relative;max-width:100%;display:block}.fa{font-family:FontAwesome!important}*,*:before,*:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;-ms-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}.bd-ClickOpen{display:none;margin:0;position:absolute;top:30px;left:13px;opacity:1;height:34px;width:40px;z-index:666}.bd-ClickOpen span{left:6px}.bd-ClickOpen span,.bd-ClickOpen span:after,.bd-ClickOpen span:before{top:5px;position:absolute;content:' ';display:block;height:3px;width:28px;background:#333;-webkit-border-radius:10px;-moz-border-radius:10px;border-radius:10px}.bd-ClickOpen span:before{top:8px}.bd-ClickOpen span:after{top:16px}.bd-MobileSiderbar{background:#fff;position:absolute;display:block;left:0;top:0;z-index:1;height:100%;width:80%;color:#ddd;-webkit-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-o-transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);transform:translate3d(-102%,0,0);-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden;-ms-backface-visibility:hidden;-o-backface-visibility:hidden;backface-visibility:hidden}.search-mobile{margin:20px;height:40px;overflow:hidden;background:#f6f6f6;position:relative;-webkit-border-radius:2px;-moz-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px}.search-mobile #s-mobile{background:0 0;float:left;margin:0;padding:10px 12px;width:92%;color:#444;font-size:12px;line-height:20px}.search-mobile button.search-button,.search-mobile #s-mobile{-webkit-border-radius:0!important;-moz-border-radius:0!important;border-radius:0!important;border:0 none!important;box-shadow:none!important;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important}.search-mobile button.search-button{background:#f43d2a;position:absolute;top:0;right:0;height:40px;padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:40px;font-size:18px;color:#fff;z-index:444}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu ul ul{display:none}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu li{list-style:none;position:relative}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu a{color:#656565;display:block;font-size:15px;padding:9px 0 9px 20px;min-height:45px;border-bottom:1px solid #f6f6f6;text-transform:uppercase}.bd-MobileSiderbar #mobile-menu ul ul a{font-size:13px;padding-left:30px}.page-outer{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.bg-cover{position:fixed;background-repeat:no-repeat;top:0;left:0;z-index:0;overflow:hidden;width:100%;height:100%;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}#bdCheckAlso{background:#fff;position:fixed;z-index:999;bottom:65px;right:-350px;width:300px;border-bottom:0 none;padding:10px 20px 20px;border-top-width:4px;border-top-style:solid;-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);-moz-box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);box-shadow:0 0 3px rgba(68,68,68,.08);border:0 none!important}#bdCheckAlso{border-top-color:#e6ae48}.check-also-post{padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:10px;border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.check-also-post:last-child{padding-bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;border-bottom:0 none}.check-also-post .post-title{margin:15px 0 10px;padding:0;font-size:16px;line-height:22px}.check-also-post p{font-size:14px;line-height:18px;margin:0;padding:0}.title-bd{position:relative;display:block}#check-also-close{position:absolute;right:0;top:-13px;padding-left:7px;background:#fff}.check-also-thumb{width:260px;height:130px;background-position:center;-webkit-background-size:cover;-moz-background-size:cover;-o-background-size:cover;background-size:cover}#reading-position-indicator{display:block;height:4px;position:fixed;bottom:0;left:0;width:0;z-index:9999;max-width:100%;background:#fb4834}@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1023px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:block}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.menu-label{display:block!important}.primary-menu ul#menu-primary>li>a{padding:0 10px;font-size:12px}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}.widget{padding:0 20px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}#content{border:0 none!important}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.primary-menu{display:none}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}@media (max-width:767px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0 10px!important;display:block}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}.breaking-news i{display:none}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:none}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.post-sharing-bd li{width:33px}.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd ul{text-align:center}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}#content{border:0 none!important}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:99%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.widget{padding:0 10px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}@media (max-width:368px){#page.boxed{margin:0 auto}.bdayh-wrap{padding:0}.container-main{margin:0}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:100%;padding:0 10px!important;display:block}.sidebar{padding-top:40px}.breaking-news{width:100%;overflow:hidden;clear:both;display:block;text-align:center;margin-bottom:10px}.breaking-news .heading{float:none;display:inline-block;clear:both}.breaking-news ul{width:100%;overflow:hidden}.breaking-news ul li{line-height:20px}.topbar .social-icons,.topbar .social-icons a{float:left;overflow:inherit}.breaking-news i{display:none}header#header{text-align:center}#header .bdayh-inner{padding:15px 0}.logo-left .logo{float:none;margin:15px 0 25px}.header-ads{float:none;margin-top:15px;text-align:center}.primary-menu{display:none}.sidebar{border:none!important}#content{margin-bottom:50px;clear:both;float:none}.post-sharing-bd li{width:33px}.post-sharing-bd li,.post-sharing-bd ul{text-align:center}.sidebar{width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important;left:auto!important;right:auto!important;position:relative!important}#content{border:0 none!important}#content,.sidebar{float:none;width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:99%;padding:0!important;display:block}.post-content-bd{padding:20px}.post-featured,#articleTop-ads{margin-right:-20px;margin-left:-20px}.widget{padding:0 10px}.post-header-bd header h1{padding:0 20px}body{background:0 0!important;background-size:0!important;-o-background-size:0!important;-moz-background-size:0!important;-webkit-background-size:0!important}.bd-ClickOpen{display:block!important}.bd-ClickOpen{top:15px}#page{box-shadow:none!important}}*:before,*:after{box-sizing:border-box}.sidebar,.content,.bdayh-inner,.theia_sticky,div.theiaStickySidebar{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden!important;backface-visibility:hidden!important;-moz-transform-origin:0 0!important;-webkit-animation-fill-mode:unset!important;animation-fill-mode:unset!important;-webkit-transform:none!important;transform:none!important;right:initial!important;left:initial!important}}.fa{display:inline-block;font:normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome;font-size:inherit;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;transform:translate(0,0)}.fa-search:before{content:"\f002"}.fa-close:before{content:"\f00d"}.fa-bookmark:before{content:"\f02e"}.fa-eye:before{content:"\f06e"}.fa-twitter:before{content:"\f099"}.fa-facebook:before{content:"\f09a"}.fa-pinterest:before{content:"\f0d2"}.fa-linkedin:before{content:"\f0e1"}.fa-comments-o:before{content:"\f0e6"}.fa-reddit:before{content:"\f1a1"}.fa-share-alt:before{content:"\f1e0"}.fa-whatsapp:before{content:"\f232"}:root{--swiper-theme-color:#007aff}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container{list-style:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:relative;z-index:1}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-wrapper{box-sizing:content-box;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;width:100%;z-index:1}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-wrapper{transform:translateZ(0)}:root{--swiper-navigation-size:44px}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{align-items:center;color:var(--swiper-navigation-color,var(--swiper-theme-color));display:flex;height:var(--swiper-navigation-size);justify-content:center;margin-top:calc(0px - var(--swiper-navigation-size)/2);position:absolute;top:50%;width:calc(var(--swiper-navigation-size)/44*27);z-index:10}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{font-family:swiper-icons;font-size:var(--swiper-navigation-size);font-variant:normal;letter-spacing:0;line-height:1;text-transform:none!important;text-transform:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{left:10px;right:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{content:"prev"}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next{left:auto;right:10px}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after{content:"next"}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-pagination{position:absolute;text-align:center;transform:translateZ(0);z-index:10}:root{--jp-carousel-primary-color:#fff;--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color:#999;--jp-carousel-bg-color:#000;--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color:#222;--jp-carousel-border-color:#3a3a3a}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{background-image:none}.jp-carousel-wrap *{line-height:inherit}.jp-carousel-wrap.swiper-container{height:auto;width:100vw}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev{background-image:none;height:auto;opacity:.5;padding:20px 40px;width:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next:after,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev:after{content:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-next svg,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-button-prev svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;height:30px;width:28px}.jp-carousel-overlay{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);bottom:0;direction:ltr;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;left:0;overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto;position:fixed;right:0;top:0;z-index:2147483647}.jp-carousel-overlay *{box-sizing:border-box}.jp-carousel-overlay h2:before,.jp-carousel-overlay h3:before{content:none;display:none}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-prev{left:0;right:auto}.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-next{left:auto;right:0}.jp-carousel-container{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr 64px;height:100%}.jp-carousel-info{-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased!important;background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);display:flex;flex-direction:column;opacity:1;text-align:left!important;z-index:100}.jp-carousel-info-footer{align-items:center;display:flex;height:64px;justify-content:space-between;position:relative}.jp-carousel-info-extra,.jp-carousel-info-footer{background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);width:100vw}.jp-carousel-info-extra{border-top:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color);display:none;padding:35px}.jp-carousel-title-and-caption{margin-bottom:15px}.jp-carousel-photo-info{left:0!important;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-comments-wrapper{display:none;padding:0;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-close-hint{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);height:45px;letter-spacing:0!important;padding:10px;position:fixed;right:30px;text-align:right;top:20px;width:45px;z-index:15}.jp-carousel-close-hint svg{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border-radius:4px;padding:3px 2px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{flex:1;margin:0 15px 0 35px}.jp-carousel-pagination,.jp-swiper-pagination{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;position:static!important;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-pagination-container .swiper-pagination{line-height:8px;text-align:left}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{flex-basis:50vw;flex:4;justify-content:center;margin:0;overflow:hidden}.jp-carousel-photo-caption,.jp-carousel-photo-title{background:none!important;border:none!important;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:inline-block;font:normal 20px/1.3em Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;letter-spacing:0!important;line-height:normal;margin:0 0 10px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;text-shadow:none!important;text-transform:none!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-caption{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);font-size:15px;margin:0;text-align:center;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-photo-title{font-size:32px;margin-bottom:2px}.jp-carousel-photo-description{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);font-size:16px;margin:25px 0;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;width:100%}.jp-carousel-caption{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;margin:0}.jp-carousel-image-meta{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:none;font-size:13px;font:12px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;width:100%}.jp-carousel-image-meta ul{list-style:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}a.jp-carousel-image-download{clear:both;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);display:inline-block;font-size:14px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;text-decoration:none}a.jp-carousel-image-download svg{display:inline-block;margin:0 3px;padding-bottom:2px;vertical-align:middle}.jp-carousel-comments{background:none transparent;bottom:10px;font:15px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;font-weight:400;margin-top:20px;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-form{margin:0 0 10px!important;width:100%}textarea#jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-faded-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-border-color);border-radius:3px;box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.1);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);float:none;font:16px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;height:147px;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 10px 5px;width:100%}textarea#jp-carousel-comment-form-comment-field::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#555}#jp-carousel-loading-overlay{bottom:0;display:none;left:0;position:fixed;right:0;top:0}#jp-carousel-loading-wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100vh;justify-content:center;width:100vw}#jp-carousel-library-loading,#jp-carousel-library-loading:after{border-radius:50%;height:40px;width:40px}#jp-carousel-library-loading{animation:load8 1.1s linear infinite;border:8px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-left:8px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);float:left;font-size:10px;margin:22px 0 0 10px;position:relative;text-indent:-9999em;transform:translateZ(0)}#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner,#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner:after{border-radius:50%;height:20px;width:20px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner{animation:load8 1.1s linear infinite;border:4px solid hsla(0,0%,100%,.2);border-left:4px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);bottom:0;display:none;float:left;font-size:10px;left:0;margin:0 auto;position:absolute;right:0;text-indent:-9999em;top:calc(50% - 15px);transform:translateZ(0)}@keyframes load8{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper{margin:auto;max-width:800px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-submit-and-info-wrapper{display:none;overflow:hidden;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as input{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-border-color);border-radius:2px;box-shadow:inset 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.2);color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);float:left;font:16px/1.4 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;padding:10px;width:285px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as fieldset{border:none;clear:both;float:left;margin:20px 0 0;padding:0}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as label{float:left;font:400 13px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;margin:0 20px 3px 0;width:100px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-button-submit{background:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);border:1px solid var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);border-radius:3px;color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);display:block;font-size:14px;margin-left:auto;margin-top:20px;padding:8px 16px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-container{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:20px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comment-post-results{display:none;overflow:auto;width:100%}#jp-carousel-comments-loading{color:var(--jp-carousel-primary-subtle-color);display:none}#jp-carousel-comments-loading{bottom:10px;font:400 15px/1.7 Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;margin-bottom:20px;margin-top:20px;text-align:left;width:100%}.jp-carousel-photo-icons-container{display:block;flex:1;margin:0 20px 0 30px;text-align:right;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-icon-btn{background:0 0;border:none;display:inline-block;height:64px;padding:16px;text-decoration:none}.jp-carousel-icon{border:none;border-radius:4px;display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:0;padding:4px 3px 3px;width:31px}.jp-carousel-icon svg{display:inline-block}.jp-carousel-overlay rect{fill:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color)}.jp-carousel-icon .jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator{background:var(--jp-carousel-primary-color);border-radius:4px;color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color);display:none;font-family:Helvetica Neue,sans-serif!important;font-size:12px;font-weight:400;line-height:1;margin-left:-16px;padding:2px 4px;position:relative;vertical-align:top}@media only screen and (max-width:760px){.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-next,.jp-carousel-overlay .swiper-container .swiper-button-prev{display:none!important}.jp-carousel-image-meta{box-sizing:border-box;float:none!important;margin-left:0;width:100%!important}.jp-carousel-close-hint{font-size:26px!important;position:fixed!important;right:10px;top:10px}.jp-carousel-wrap{background-color:var(--jp-carousel-bg-color)}.jp-carousel-caption{overflow:visible!important}.jp-carousel-info-footer .jp-carousel-photo-title-container{display:none}.jp-carousel-photo-icons-container{margin:0 10px 0 0;white-space:nowrap}.jp-carousel-icon-btn{padding-left:20px}.jp-carousel-pagination{padding-left:5px}.jp-carousel-pagination-container{margin-left:25px}#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as fieldset,#jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as input{float:none;width:100%}}:root{--jetpack--contact-form--border:1px solid #8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-color:#8c8f94;--jetpack--contact-form--border-size:1px;--jetpack--contact-form--border-style:solid;--jetpack--contact-form--border-radius:0px;--jetpack--contact-form--input-padding:16px}#jp-relatedposts{clear:both;display:none;margin:1em 0;padding-top:1em;position:relative}.jp-relatedposts:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline{display:inline-block;float:left;font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 1em}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em:before{border-top:1px solid #dcdcde;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);content:"";display:block;margin-bottom:1em;min-width:30px;width:100%}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em{font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.screen-reader-text{clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);word-wrap:normal!important;border:0;-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px}#amp-mobile-version-switcher{left:0;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:100}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a{background-color:#444;border:0;color:#eaeaea;display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:15px 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}
Deforestación: Causas y efectos que provoca en el medio ambiente – Nuestroclima
La deforestación es la destrucción permanente de los bosques con el fin de hacer que la tierra esté disponible para otros usos. Se estima que unas 7,3 millones de hectáreas de bosque (más o menos del tamaño de Panamá) se pierden cada año, según la Organización para la Agricultura y la Alimentación de las Naciones Unidas (FAO).
Estadísticas sobre la deforestación Alrededor de la mitad de los bosques tropicales del mundo se han borrado. Los bosques cubren actualmente alrededor del 30 por ciento de la masa terrestre del mundo. La pérdida de bosques contribuye entre un 12 por ciento y 17 por ciento de las emisiones anuales de gases de efecto invernadero. La deforestación es considerada como uno de los factores que contribuyen al cambio climático global. Los árboles absorben gases de efecto invernadero y las emisiones de carbono. Producen oxígeno y perpetúan el ciclo del agua mediante la liberación de vapor de agua en la atmósfera. Sin árboles, las tierras forestales pueden convertirse rápidamente en tierra estéril. ¿Dónde ocurren las mayores deforestaciones en el mundo? La deforestación se produce en todo el mundo, aunque los bosques tropicales son particularmente atacados. Los países con una significativa deforestación reciente incluyen a Brasil, Indonesia, Tailandia, la República Democrática del Congo y otras partes de África y algunas partes de Europa del Este, de acuerdo con GRID-Arendal, un centro colaborador del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente.
Causas de la deforestación La deforestación se realiza normalmente para dejar tierras disponibles para la vivienda y la urbanización, la madera, los cultivos comerciales a gran escala, como la soja y la palma aceitera y la ganadería. El Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza informa de que gran parte de la industria forestal que contribuye a la deforestación se hace ilegalmente.
Los métodos comunes de la deforestación incluyen la quema de árboles y la tala rasa, que es la controvertida práctica de la eliminación completa de un determinado predio de bosque. Un experto forestal citado por el Consejo de Defensa de Recursos Naturales describe la tala como “un trauma ecológico que no tiene precedentes en la naturaleza a excepción de una gran erupción volcánica.”
Efectos de la deforestación Los bosques son ecosistemas complejos que son importantes para los ciclos del carbono y del agua que sustentan la vida en la tierra. Cuando se degradan, se puede desencadenar una serie de acontecimientos devastadores tanto a nivel local como también a nivel global. Dentro de los efectos podemos encontrar:
La pérdida de especies: La pérdida de hábitat puede conducir a la extinción de especies. Esto no es sólo una tragedia de la biodiversidad, sino que también tiene consecuencias negativas para las poblaciones locales. Emisiones de Carbono: Los bosques sanos ayudan a absorber los gases de efecto invernadero y las emisiones de carbono causadas por la civilización humana y contribuyen al cambio climático global. Sin árboles, más gases de carbono y gases de efecto entran en la atmósfera. Los árboles en realidad se convierten en fuentes de carbono cuando se cortan, ya que son talados y quemados, eliminando grandes cantidades de Co2 a la atmosfera. Ciclo del Agua: Los árboles juegan un papel importante en el ciclo del agua, ya que absorben la misma por la tierra a través de sus raíces y luego la liberan a la atmósfera. En la Amazonía, más de la mitad del agua en el ecosistema se mantiene dentro de las plantas. Sin las plantas, el clima puede convertirse en árido e incultivable. Erosión del suelo: Sin raíces de los árboles para anclar el suelo y con una mayor exposición al sol, el suelo puede secarse, lo que lleva a problemas como el aumento de las inundaciones y la incapacidad de cultivar en las granjas. Todos estos factores pueden tener efectos adversos en las economías locales. El aumento de las inundaciones, la falta de agua de calidad, y la incapacidad para producir sus propios alimentos hace que muchos pueblerinos emigren a las ciudades que carecen de infraestructura para ellos. Sin duda la deforestación indiscriminada de árboles es un gran problema para la sociedad actual y las futuras.
Vía: ecologiahoy
También te puede interesar
Este curioso fenómeno se produce en regiones muy
7 Comments
julio telles velazquez
parte el alma ver y saber la deforestación desmedida.
Anahí
La deforestación es una amenaza para el planeta. y pienso que debería promoverse la siembra de arboles y así mismo conservarlos.
Alan
Gracias por la informacion
Alan
Gracias por la informacion me icieron un niño feliz que se saco un 10
Alan
Gracias por la informacion me icieron un niño feliz que se saco un 10.
Me da mucha tristesa de que quemen y talen los árboles
Alan
Gracias por la informacion me icieron un niño feliz que se saco un 10.
Me da mucha tristesa de que quemen y talen los árboles123456
Anahí Jiménez
La deforestación es una amenaza para el planeta. y pienso que debería promoverse la siembra de arboles y así mismo conservarlos.