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Lo que debes saber de un sismo – Nuestroclima
Un sismo es un fenómeno que se produce por el rompimiento repentino de la corteza terrestre y no se puede predecir.
Todo sismo o terremoto se caracteriza por tener un hipocentro y un epicentro. El hipocentro es el punto de origen, y está ubicado en el interior de la tierra.
Por su parte, el epicentro es el punto de la superficie donde se proyecta el movimiento tectónico. Está ubicado encima del hipocentro. Por ende, el epicentro es el punto de la superficie donde se percibe con mayor intensidad un terremoto.
Los terremotos son fenómenos geológicos que se producen periódicamente, pero ninguno de sus aspectos puede ser pronosticado: ni el lugar donde van a ocurrir ni la magnitud ni el momento. Son siempre repentinos, inesperados. Por ende, quienes viven en zonas de alto riesgo sísmico, deben estar preparados para saber qué hacer en caso de un terremoto.
Los sismos o terremotos son estudiados por una rama de la geofísica conocida como sismología. Son medidos según la escala sismológica de Richter.
¿Qué es un sismo?
Es un fenómeno que se produce por un rompimiento repentino en la cubierta rígida del planeta, la corteza terrestre. Con esto se producen vibraciones que se propagan en todas direcciones y las percibimos como una sacudida o un balanceo con intensidad y duración variable
Ejemplo: Generación de sismos en México
La generación de temblores más importantes en México, por su magnitud y frecuencia, se debe a dos tipos de movimientos de placas: subducción y desplazamiento lateral.
La subducción se da a lo largo de la porción costera entre Jalisco y Chiapas, donde las placas de Rivera y Cocos penetran por debajo de la placa norteamericana.
¿Cómo se detectan los sismos?
Los sismos se detectan con sismógrafos y acelerógrafos.
¿Cómo se miden los sismos?
Por intensidad y magnitud.
Intensidad: se refiere al efecto que produce un temblor en el suelo, las construcciones y el ser humano. El valor de la intensidad depende del lugar en que se mida y se expresa con números romanos utilizando la escala de Mercalli.
Magnitud: es una medida de la cantidad de energía liberada durante el temblor y a diferencia de la intensidad su valor es único. La magnitud se indica con números arábigos utilizando generalmente la escala de Richter.
¿Se pueden predecir los sismos?
¡No! Es imposible.
No ha habido institución o persona que haya tenido éxito en la predicción confiable de sismos, con el suficiente sustento científico y utilidad práctica.
Ejemplo gráfico de un sismo en México Con información de: https://www.significados.com/
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