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El Ozono, vital para la vida – Nuestroclima
La atmósfera que envuelve la Tierra cumple funciones esenciales para el mantenimiento de la vida: aloja la capa de ozono que filtra la dañina radiación ultravioleta (UV) proveniente del sol.
El ozono se encuentra en la troposfera (es la capa más baja de la atmósfera) y en la estratosfera (es la segunda capa de la atmósfera).
La formación del ozono de la estratosfera terrestre es catalizada por los fotones de luz ultravioleta que al interaccionar con las moléculas de oxígeno gaseoso, que están constituidas por dos átomos de oxígeno (O2) las separa en los átomos de oxígeno (oxígeno atómico) constituyente; el oxígeno atómico se combina con aquellas moléculas de (O2) que aún permanecen sin disociar, formando, de esta manera, moléculas de ozono, (O3).
Entre sus funciones se encuentran su participación en la regulación del clima, tanto por el movimiento de las masas de aire frío y caliente sobre los océanos y masas continentales como por su efecto en las corrientes oceánicas y en el transporte del vapor de agua que después se vierte en forma de precipitación en los continentes.
Además, actúa como reservorio de algunos elementos químicos vitales para los seres vivos, como carbono y el nitrógeno.
El ozono se encuentra en la troposfera (es la capa más baja de la atmósfera) y en la estratosfera (es la segunda capa de la atmósfera), y juega dos roles importantes dependiendo de la región en la que se encuentre.
En la estratosfera, cumple una función muy importante en el desarrollo de la vida del planeta: la absorción de un gran porcentaje de la radiación ultravioleta que llega a la Tierra.
Sin embargo, la mayor parte de este componente natural en la tropósfera se produce cuando los óxidos de nitrógeno, el monóxido de carbono y los compuestos orgánicos volátiles reaccionan en la atmósfera, en presencia de luz solar. Las fuentes antropogénicas más importantes de precursores de ozono son las emisiones vehiculares, las emisiones industriales y los solventes químicos.
El seguimiento observacional de la capa de ozono, llevado a cabo en los últimos años, ha llegado a la conclusión de que dicha capa puede considerarse seriamente amenazada. El desgaste grave de la capa de ozono provocará el aumento de los casos de melanomas, cáncer de piel, cataratas oculares, supresión del sistema inmunitario en humanos y en otras especies. También afectará a los cultivos sensibles a la radiación ultravioleta.
Para preservar la capa de ozono hay que disminuir a cero el uso de compuestos químicos como los clorofluorocarbonos (refrigerantes industriales, propelentes), y fungicidas de suelo (como el bromuro de metilo que destruyen la capa de ozono a un ritmo 50 veces superior a los CFC.
Dato curioso: En 1994, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas proclamó el día 16 de septiembre como el Día Internacional para la Preservación de la Capa de Ozono.
Vía: aulaverdemx
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1 Comments
Cutberto Ruiz Jarquin
buenos articulos ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ felicidades ¡¡¡¡¡