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El espectacular fenómeno del patrón de olas – Nuestroclima
Una ligera brisa sopla en un mar en aparente calma. Sobre la superficie del agua aparecen pequeñas irregularidades en forma de ondas.
Si el viento cesa, las pequeñas olitas se deshacen; pero si el viento persiste y aumenta, potencia a estas ondas y las hace crecer. Así, se produce una realimentación, cuanto mayores son las ondas, más viento reciben, más crecen y surgen las olas.
Una ola es una ondulación de agua sobre la superficie del mar. Las olas viajan muchos kilómetros por la superficie del mar a velocidades muy variadas y generalmente mueren en las playas.
Normalmente, las olas se forman por el viento aunque su historia comienza muy lejos, en el Sol. Los rayos del Sol calientan la atmósfera y como unas partes se calientan más que otras,? se generan los vientos.
Al contrario de lo que se pueda pensar las olas no transportan agua, lo que si producen a su paso es un movimiento circular en las partículas de agua, y cuando la ola ha pasado las partículas vuelven al mismo lugar donde se encontraban antes de llegar la ola.
Una vez formada, la ola ya no depende del viento, sino de su propia gravedad: una ola cae en el seno de la ola que la precede y la onda o elevación se propaga casi sin perder energía, ya que no mueve masa de agua. Si el viento aumenta su velocidad, las elevaciones son mayores, crecen la distancia entre las crestas y la velocidad de propagación.
El rompimiento de las olas El efecto más importante producido por el oleaje es el choque de las olas contra las costas escarpadas o la base de los acantilados: es el fenómeno que más impresiona, y al mismo tiempo, el más hermoso que el mar puede ofrecer.
De esta manera, las olas son modeladoras del litoral, ya que el continuo golpear desgasta o reconstruye las playas, perfora las rocas de los riscos y acantilados y forma grietas y figuras fantásticas en ellos (erosión marina).
Vía: profesorenlinea.cl
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