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Acelerado aumento de los mares en el mundo – Nuestroclima
Advierten qué será necesario adelantar el reloj que anticipa el aumento de los mares
Un equipo de la Universidad de Columbia y de la Universidad de Sheffield, que estuvo varias décadas monitoreando la situación por satélite y con fotografías aéreas, encontró varios ríos y lagos con agua derretida a través de la Antártida.
Los arroyos pueden fluir hasta 120 kms hasta llegar a estanques de deshielo o al mar. Los estanques de derretimiento, mientras tanto, pueden ser masivos: hasta 80 kms de largo. Si este sistema almacena esas cantidades crecientes de agua que van a lugares equivocados, podría provocar un daño muy grave para el medio ambiente.
El aumento de los niveles del mar está vinculado a tres factores principales, todos ellos inducidos por el cambio climático actual:
Dilatación térmica: Cuando el agua se calienta, se dilata. Alrededor de la mitad del aumento del nivel del mar que se produjo a lo largo del siglo pasado es atribuible al hecho de que los océanos, al calentarse, ocupan más espacio.
El deshielo de los glaciares y de los casquetes polares: Las grandes formaciones de hielo, como los glaciares y los casquetes polares, se derriten de forma natural en verano. Pero en invierno, las precipitaciones en forma nieve, compuestas en su mayor parte de agua marina evaporada, bastan normalmente para compensar el deshielo. Sin embargo, las altas y persistentes temperaturas registradas recientemente a causa del calentamiento global, son las responsables de que la cantidad de hielo que se derrite en verano haya aumentado y de que las nevadas hayan disminuido debido a que los inviernos se retrasan y las primaveras se adelantan. Este desequilibrio genera un aumento neto significativo de la escorrentía frente a la evaporación de los océanos, provocando que el nivel del mar se eleve.
A medida que la temperatura aumenta, habrá más agua de deshielo en el sistema hidrológico. Los científicos advierten que la región podría entrar en un devastador circuito de retroalimentación. A medida que más hielo se derrite en el continente, más rocas y otros elementos del paisaje están expuestos, que absorben más calor del sol. Eso fomenta el deshielo. El agua del deshielo podría alentar a que caigan los bloques de hielo, creando un mayor adelgazamiento del continente y, por tanto, una mayor exposición de las rocas que absorben el calor.
Aún así, no está claro que cada plataforma de hielo esté en peligro crítico. En otro artículo, los científicos discutieron un sistema de drenaje en una parte de la Antártida que desviaba el agua de deshielo directamente al océano, aparentemente sin poner en peligro la plataforma de hielo sobre la que estaba. Parece que en vez de afectar la estabilidad del hielo, el flujo de agua lo refuerza.
Se necesitarán más años de investigación para que los científicos puedan explicar mejor el agua del deshielo de la Antártida en los modelos climáticos. Sería temerario asumir que todo fluirá de forma inofensiva hacia el océano. Mejor hay que tener en cuenta esta advertencia: los altos niveles del mar pueden llegar mucho antes de lo que pensamos.
Vía: noticiasambientales
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1 Comments
Leonardo Prevatti
Mira vos, y yo pensaba q teniamos agua debajo de la tierra en Buenos Aires, Entre-Ríos y Corrientes