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Ola de frío polar ¿De que se trata exactamente? – Nuestroclima
Una ola de frío es un “Fenómeno por el cual la temperatura del aire experimenta una disminución considerable provocada por la invasión de una masa de aire frío” y su extensión puede ser de centenares o miles de kilómetros cuadrados.
Argentina actualmente padece una severa ola de frío desde hace varios días, con temperaturas mínimas muy bajas, heladas y sensación térmica también deficiente. El ambiente seco y helado alcanza al norte del territorio. Pero ¿qué es una ola de frío? ¿qué parámetros deben coincidir para que sea posible el evento?
Se trata, en suma, de una situación atmosférica que produce unas temperaturas extremadamente bajas en relación con la media de la época y que suele durar más de un día. Se forman por invasión de masas de aire muy frío. Su extensión puede ser de centenares o miles de kilómetros cuadrados.
Las masas de aire que pueden producir olas de frío se pueden clasificar en dos tipos según dónde se formen: masas de aire ártico y antártico o siberianas y masas de aire polar. Las primeras son las más fuertes y se originan en las proximidades de los polos, sobre las aguas heladas del océano Ártico y los casquetes de hielo de Groenlandia y la Antártida. Se caracterizan por un bajo contenido de humedad.
Las masas de aire polar tienen menos intensidad, son frías, secas y de estratificación estable porque se forman en las regiones de altas presiones del interior de Asia central y Canadá.
¿Cómo definimos una ‘Ola de frío’? Estamos ante un ‘Ola de frío’ cuando se cumplen una serie de requisitos. Tienen que ser episodios de temperaturas anormalmente bajas, que se mantienen varios días y afectan a una parte importante de nuestra geografía. Estos tres factores determinan la intensidad de una ‘Ola de frío’: las temperaturas registradas, la duración y el territorio afectado.
Debe tratarse de un episodio de al menos tres días consecutivos, en que como mínimo el 10% de las estaciones consideradas registran mínimas por debajo del percentil del 5% de su serie de temperaturas mínimas y máximas diarias.
Normalmente suceden en época de invierno, dependiendo de la región se pueden producir de 2 a 3 eventos a lo largo de una temporada fría, o en algunos casos, no concretarse. Una ola de frío es un fenómeno meteorológico que se caracteriza por un descenso brusco de la temperatura del aire cerca de la superficie de la Tierra, que conduce a valores de temperatura en superficie extremadamente bajos que pueden asociarse a condiciones climáticas como las heladas y la formación de escarcha o hielo.
Una reseña Aunque por el día disfrutemos de sol y las temperaturas no caigan en negativo la sensación térmica suele ser mayor. Sentimos más frío del que realmente marcan los termómetros debido al viento muy frío y seco.
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