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La fotosíntesis del suelo ayuda a mitigar la contaminación ambiental – Nuestroclima
Investigadores de la Universidad de Córdoba han descubierto que el efecto de la radiación solar provoca un intercambio de gases de nitrógeno en el suelo que permite secuestrar gases perjudiciales de la atmósfera y transformarlos en nitrato. De este modo, se mitigaría la contaminación de estos gases.
Gases NOx es el término genérico para definir al grupo de gases formado por el óxido nítrico y el dióxido de nitrógeno, unos gases que se derivan de la quema de combustibles fósiles, pero también de los incendios forestales, las erupciones volcánicas o procesos naturales de transformación del nitrógeno en el suelo. Aun así, la mayor concentración suele estar en entornos urbanos, causando efectos nocivos para la salud y contribuyendo al calentamiento global y la lluvia ácida.
La comunidad investigadora ha trabajado en la creación de materiales descontaminantes que, usados en edificios y estructuras urbanas, son capaces de atrapar esos compuestos al incidir la luz sobre ellos. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, nadie había probado el potencial mitigador de uno de los medios naturales que sostienen la vida en el planeta: el suelo .
«Este descubrimiento se convierte en la pieza perdida del puzle del ciclo del nitrógeno. Ahora, la radiación solar pasa a ser un agente activo «
El profesor del departamento de Agronomía, Vidal Barrón, junto con un equipo formado por personal investigador de los departamentos de Agronomía, Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química y Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal de la Universidad de Córdoba en colaboración centros de investigación internacionales, ha descubierto que existe un intercambio de gases en el suelo promovido por la radiación solar (sobre todo la ultravioleta) que permite el secuestro de los gases NOx y su transformación en nitrato.
De esta manera, las propiedades fotocatalíticas de algunos minerales estarían dando lugar a una suerte de fotosíntesis del suelo en la que el suelo captaría los gases NOx de la atmósfera transformándolos en nitrato, que es la forma natural en la que las plantas se nutren del nitrógeno, esencial para su existencia.
Los suelos de arcilla secuestran mejor
Este descubrimiento se convierte en la pieza perdida del puzle del ciclo del nitrógeno ya que, aunque este se conoce desde hace más de cien años, este esquema no incluye el efecto del Sol como un actor en dicho ciclo. Ahora, la radiación solar pasa a ser un agente activo.
La actividad catalítica es diferente dependiendo del suelo. Si bien en los suelos arenosos con mucho cuarzo no es muy significativa, los más arcillosos con cantidades importantes de esmectita (mineral de la arcilla) tienen altas tasas de secuestro de NOx y fijación de nitrato. La campiña cordobesa sería un buen ejemplo de zona con un alto poder para eliminar la contaminación atmosférica.
Este artículo abre las puertas a quienes trabajan en el campo de la descontaminación y podría inspirar nuevas técnicas de manejo de fertilizantes para evitar la pérdida de nitrato y mitigar la contaminación NOx. Además, ayuda a comprender un poco más las características y los mecanismos que encierra el suelo.
Vía: agenciasinc
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